An Introduction to Marine Science

Meadows, P. S.; Campbell, J. I.

doi:10.1007/978-94-015-7138-8

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, the use of a strong acid may also produce other degradation products (noncarbohydrate compounds) that strongly absorb in the same spectral band with sugars, leading to overestimation of the carbohydrate signal (Josefsson et al 1972;Dawson and Liebezeit 1981). For instance, when Gelbstoff material (humic material) is treated with H 2 SO 4 , it also absorbs in the range of 350-500 nm and may interfere with the determination of total carbohydrates (Sieburth and Jensen 1969;Meadows and Campbell 1978). Similar interference was reported for certain types of flavonoids such as catechin (Rahman and Richards 1987).…”

Section: Panagiotopoulos and Sempérémentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical methods for the determination of sugars in marine samples: A historical perspective and future directions

Panagiotopoulos

Sempéré

2005

Limnology & Ocean Methods

119

100

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Analytical techniques employed over the past three decades for sugar determination in marine samples are reviewed. This review first summarizes the different hydrolysis protocols used by marine biogeochemists to extract sugars from various marine matrices including sinking particulate organic matter (POM), dissolved organic matter (DOM), ultrafiltrated dissolved organic matter (UDOM), and sediments. The most commonly used methods for total sugar estimation are phenol sulfuric acid (PSA), 3‐methyl‐2‐benzo thiazoline hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH), and 2,4,6‐tripyridyl‐s‐triazine (TPTZ). For individual sugars, gas chromatographyflame ionization detection (GC‐FID), liquid chromatography‐borate complexes (LC), high performance liquid chromatography‐ethylenediamine derivatives (HPLC‐EDA), high performance liquid chromatography‐p‐aminobenzoic acid derivatives (HPLC‐p‐AMBA), and high performance anion exchange chromatography‐pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC‐PAD) have been employed, the last method being the most widely used. This study demonstrated that mild and strong hydrolysis give comparable results for open ocean samples, including POM, DOM, and UDOM (except for sediments) using chromatographic or colorimetric techniques. A survey of 130 sugar data sets revealed that more than half of the sugar‐C escapes analysis using chromatographic or colorimetric techniques compared to 1H and 13C NMR techniques. The reconciliation of the NMR and colorimetric or chromatographic measurements is likely to be the key to the understanding of the composition of DOM. This study also demonstrated that most of the published sugar data obtained by chromatographic techniques are related to suspended or sinking POM and sediments, and that there is a need for data on sugar composition in DOM and UDOM, which involve further analytical difficulties for chromatographic analysis.

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Section: Panagiotopoulos and Sempérémentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical methods for the determination of sugars in marine samples: A historical perspective and future directions

Panagiotopoulos

Sempéré

2005

Limnology & Ocean Methods

119

100

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“…Sediments can be highly aerobic or completely anoxic, their surfaces can be illuminated in inshore environments or totally dark in deeper waters, and the water immediately overlying them can be nutrient-rich in temperate zones or nutrientdepleted in the tropics (Davies, 1977;Anderson & Meadows, 1978;Meadows & Campbell, 1978;Marshall, 1979;Pearson & Stanley, 1979). The effects of these variations' on the natural microbial populations of sediments d o not appear to have been previousiy analysed, and the purpose of this paper is to examine them under controlled experimental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial communities colonising nutrient-enriched marine sediment

Tufail

1987

Hydrobiologia

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Sediment cores were set up to study microbial colonisation and interactions on marine sand grains under enrichment conditions. Cores were enriched with photosynthetic media in the light and dark (PL, PD) and heterotrophic media in the light and dark (HL, HD), and were incubated for 25 days. Sediment chlorophylls were then measured by acetone extraction, viable heterotrophic bacteria by plate counts, and numbers of cells mm-2 sand grain surface by s.e.m. Chlorophyll a occurred in all sediments but was highest in the PL sediment. Bacteriochlorophyll a was only observed in the HL sediment. Heterotrophic viable counts were high in the HL and H D sediments. Dense growth of diatoms and blue-green algae, and a marine fungal Thraustochytrid sp. occurred on PL grains. The blue-green alga Schizothrix was often associated with the diatom Amphora on PL grains. Many different bacteria grew on HL and H D grains and some unusual colony and cell morphologies were recorded (Caulobacter, Flexibacter, polymer strands). Characteristic flakey material sometimes occurred in hollows on grains. The results are discussed in relation to microbial communities in low energy sedimentary environments.

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“…Benthic fauna is a source of food for secondary consumers; as most of the species that comprise this group are deposit feeders; their activity usually results in the repeated reworking of bottom sediments over time (Meadows and Campbell, 1993;Nybakken, 1993). These organisms are often used as bioindicators, helping to assess changes in coastal ecosystems and to monitor marine environment health, particularly in zones suffering anthropogenic influences (Desroy et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Farsi¹,

Seyfabadi²,

Owfi³

et al. 2015

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The spatial distribution of the macrobenthic community was studied along the Iranian coasts of Bushehr province during January and February 2013. Samples were collected with van Veen grab from intertidal (0 m) and subtidal (5 m and 10 m depths) zones at 16 stations designated in 6 transects, including 4 main harbors (Genaveh, Bandargah, Rostami and Asaluyeh) and 2 creeks (Farakeh and Shif). A total of 17 groups (taxa) of macrobenthos were identified, of which the most dominant assemblages belonged to Mollusca, Annelida and Arthropoda. Abundance and biomass are significantly higher in some stations and depths than others, which could be correlated with combination of factors. The average macrofaunal abundance and biomass ranged from 450 to 4380 indm -2 and its from 9 to 165 gm -2 , respectively. The highest abundance and biomass were observed at 10 m and intertidal depths, respectively.

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An Introduction to Marine Science

Cited by 17 publications

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Analytical methods for the determination of sugars in marine samples: A historical perspective and future directions

Analytical methods for the determination of sugars in marine samples: A historical perspective and future directions

Microbial communities colonising nutrient-enriched marine sediment

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