An Introduction to Blockchain, Cryptocurrency and Initial Coin Offerings

A comprehensive review of the global development of initial coin offerings (ICOs) and their regulation

“…ICO research is generally very recent. Several initial studies are descriptive or normative in nature, describing how blockchain works and how ventures can leverage blockchain to fundraise through ICOs or how ICOs can facilitate the creation of network economies more efficiently and effectively (e.g., Li and Mann, 2019;Martino et al, 2019). Other studies focus on ICO investors and assess their investment behavior (e.g., Boreiko and Risteski, 2020;Fisch et al, 2019) or take a macro-level perspective and focus on how blockchain (and ICOs) can shape the financial system (e.g., Chen and Bellavitis, 2020) and digital platforms (e.g., .…”

Amalgamation of Blockchain Technology and Internet of Things for Healthcare Applications

“…The blockchain also prevents the manipulation and tampering of healthcare data. Besides, it reduces costs, enhances efficiency, and ensures data safety with regulatory compliance with the creation of a secure environment and immutable records [68,78].…”

“…Gong et al [8] and Amin et al [10] unveiled different pathways in the healthcare system for privacy protection as it allows for remote patient monitoring with the secure management of medical sensors. The monitoring of patients may be done in real time with continuous updates regarding the health condition to the patient and the doctors [29,68,69,71,76]. It provides medical interventions with automated notifications to the concerned parties.…”

“…Most of the blockchain technologies for medical applications are at the initial stage of maturity or being tested for implementation shortly. However, any technology depicting real-time solutions is not presently available, and more time is required for the blockchain technology to mature in the future [18,20,57,59,63,68,74].…”

Integrating the BWM and Topsis Algorithm to Evaluate the Optimal Token Exchanges Platform in Taiwan

“…Due to its low transaction fees, merchants are able to lower their costs and improve their profitability (Chen & Bellavitis, 2020). For investors, initial coin offering (ICO)s have emerged as an innovative funding mechanism for early-stage ventures, enabling startups and innovators to increase billions of dollars from global investors (Martino et al, 2019). There are various cryptocurrency exchanges which are accessible from all over the world.…”