An intracellular analysis of visual cortical neurones to moving stimuli: Responses in a co-operative neuronal network

Creutzfeldt, O. D.; Kuhnt, U.; Benevento, L.A.

doi:10.1007/bf00235746

Cited by 228 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Our data confirm previous results demonstrating that inhibition is an important contributor to directional tuning (3,7,9). It has previously been thought that most of MT's input is highly direction selective (12,13,26).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Intracellular studies investigating the contribution of offpreferred axis inhibition to orientation and directional tuning in V1 have remained somewhat controversial (3,38). Jagadeesh et al (38) argue that direction selectivity in V1 simple cells is entirely determined by feed-forward input from nondirectional lateral geniculate nucleus cells, with a threshold nonlinearity generating the directionally selective spike outputs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We tested this possibility by reducing local inhibition within MT. Inhibition substantially contributes to the generation of direction selectivity in V1 (3,4,(6)(7)(8)(9). We hypothesized that MT direction selectivity should be largely unaffected by removal͞reduction of inhibition, if inherited from earlier areas, whereas direction selectivity should be substantially reduced if generated de novo within MT.…”

Section: Contribution Of Inhibitory Mechanisms To Direction Selectivimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…V isual motion processing has been the subject of intense research over the past decades (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). In primates, directional motion selectivity in the geniculo-cortical system occurs first in primary visual cortex (V1) (e.g., see ref.…”

Section: Contribution Of Inhibitory Mechanisms To Direction Selectivimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of inhibitory mechanisms to direction selectivity and response normalization in macaque middle temporal area

Thiele

Distler

Korbmacher

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Inhibitory mechanisms contribute to directional tuning in primary visual cortex, and it has been suggested that, in the primate brain, the middle temporal area (MT) inherits most of its directional information from primary visual cortex (V1). To test the validity of this hierarchical scheme, we investigated whether directional tuning in MT was present upon blockade of local γ-aminobutyratergic (GABAergic) inhibitory mechanisms. Direction selectivity during the initial 50 ms after response onset was abolished in many MT cells when the local inhibitory network was inactivated whereas direction selectivity in later response periods was largely unaffected. Thus, direction selectivity during early response periods is often generated autonomously within MT whereas direction selectivity during later response periods is either inherited from other visual areas or locally mediated by mechanisms other than γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA) inhibition. GABAergic inhibition may also mediate contrast normalization. Our data suggest that GABAA inhibition implements a local direction-selective static nonlinearity, rather than a full normalization in MT. These findings put constraints on strict hierarchical models according to which MT performs more complex computations based on local motion measurements provided by earlier areas, arguing for more distributed and independent information processing

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contribution Of Inhibitory Mechanisms To Direction Selectivimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contribution Of Inhibitory Mechanisms To Direction Selectivimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Contribution of inhibitory mechanisms to direction selectivity and response normalization in macaque middle temporal area

Thiele

Distler

Korbmacher

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Investigations on the mechanism of direction selectivity in visual cortical cells have generally confirmed the notion that suppression in the non-preferred direction is the main mechanism involved (Creutzfeldt, Kuhnt & Benevento, 1974; Goodwin, Henry & Bishop, 1975; Sillito, 1977; Duysens Ganz & Felder, 1984).…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

The velocity dependence of direction selectivity of visual cortical neurones in the cat.

Duysens

Maes

Orban

1987

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The range of velocities, yielding direction-selective responses, was investigated in a total of 167 direction-selective cells from areas 17 and 18 of the cat, using a high-contrast light bar moving at velocities ranging from 0-6 to 900 deg s-1.2. 11 %o of the cells were direction selective over the full range of velocities tested.Most cells (66 00) gave only responses at low velocities and thus were not direction selective at high velocities. The remaining cells gave responses over a broad range of velocities but the direction selectivity was limited to either high or intermediate velocities (18 and 50 of the cells, respectively). Cells with direction selectivity at high but not at low velocities had large receptive fields with non-overlapping 'on' and 'off' subregions and they responded quickly and phasically to stationary flashes. This suggests that the latter cells relied on fast and brief interactions over large distances.3. In thirty cells the spatial and temporal limits of direction selectivity were investigated using a stroboscopically illuminated moving light bar. In all cells direction selectivity depended both on the interflash distance and the interflash time interval. Area 17 cells with large receptive field at high eccentricity tolerated much larger interflash spacings than area 17 cells with small receptive fields near the area centralis. For eleven of the thirty cells the effective interflash distance could be larger than the width of the receptive field. The largest effective interflash time interval varied between 35 and 250 ms.4. Eight of the thirty cells were direction selective at high but not at low velocities. These eight cells all remained direction selective over large interflash distances and they required brief interflash intervals ( < 65 ms).5. Responses to single stroboscopic flashes within the sequence were observed in ten cells, which all responded well at high apparent velocities. While most cells (eight out of ten) showed both response increments in the preferred direction and response decrements in the non-preferred, the decrements constituted the dominant element in the direction selectivity of six out of ten cells while the remaining four cells relied mainly on response increments.6. It is concluded that the range of direction-selective velocities of some cat visual cortical cells can be predicted from a knowledge of the spatial extent and the time course of the direction-selective interactions. A model, based on mutual inhibition between pairs of cells is proposed to explain the direction selectivity of cells with spatially separate 'on' and 'off' subregions.

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Axonal topography of cortical basket cells in relation to orientation, direction, and ocular dominance maps

Buzás

Eysel

Adorján

et al. 2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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The axonal (bouton) distributions of a layer 4 clutch cell (CC), two layer 3 medium-sized basket cells (MBC), and a layer 3 large basket cell (LBC) to orientation, direction, and ocular dominance maps were studied quantitatively. 1) The CC provided exclusively local projections (<380 microm from the soma) and contacted a narrow "niche" of functional representations. 2) The two MBCs emitted local projections (75% and 79% of all boutons), which were engaged with isoorientations (61% and 48%) and isodirections, and long-range projections (25% and 21%, >313 microm and >418 microm), which encountered cross-orientation sites (14% and 12%) and isoorientation sites (7% and 5%). Their direction preferences were mainly perpendicular to or opposite those of local projections. 3) The LBC provided the majority (60%) of its boutons to long-range distances (>437 microm). Locally, LBC boutons showed a rather balanced contribution to isoorientations (19%) and cross-orientations (12%) and preferred isodirections. Remotely, however, cross-orientation sites were preferred (31% vs. 23%) and the directional output was balanced. 4) Monte Carlo simulations revealed that the differences between the orientation specificity of local and long-range projections cannot be explained by a homogeneous lateral distribution of the boutons. 5) There was a similar eye preference in the local and long-range projection fields of the MBCs. The LBC contacted both contra- and ipsilateral eye domains. 6) The basket axons showed little laminar difference in orientation and direction topography. The results suggest that an individual basket cell can mediate a wide range of effects depending on the size and termination pattern of the axonal field.

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An intracellular analysis of visual cortical neurones to moving stimuli: Responses in a co-operative neuronal network

Cited by 228 publications

References 31 publications

Contribution of inhibitory mechanisms to direction selectivity and response normalization in macaque middle temporal area

Contribution of inhibitory mechanisms to direction selectivity and response normalization in macaque middle temporal area

The velocity dependence of direction selectivity of visual cortical neurones in the cat.

Axonal topography of cortical basket cells in relation to orientation, direction, and ocular dominance maps

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