An intestinal xenograft model for Cryptosporidium parvum infection

Thulin, Joseph D; Kuhlenschmidt, Mark S.; Rolsma, Mark D.; Current, William L.; Gelberg, Howard B.

doi:10.1128/iai.62.1.329-331.1994

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Rabbits are used in a variety of ways in cryptosporidiosis research. Near-term fetal rabbit small intestinal xenografts are suitable for studies of early events of cryptosporidial infection (649). Laboratory rabbits are used to produce polyclonal anticryptosporidial antiserum (487,546).…”

Section: Digestive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Pathogens of Laboratory Mice, Rats, and Rabbits and Their Effects on Research

1998

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SUMMARY Laboratory mice, rats, and rabbits may harbor a variety of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal agents. Frequently, these organisms cause no overt signs of disease. However, many of the natural pathogens of these laboratory animals may alter host physiology, rendering the host unsuitable for many experimental uses. While the number and prevalence of these pathogens have declined considerably, many still turn up in laboratory animals and represent unwanted variables in research. Investigators using mice, rats, and rabbits in biomedical experimentation should be aware of the profound effects that many of these agents can have on research.

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Section: Digestive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Pathogens of Laboratory Mice, Rats, and Rabbits and Their Effects on Research

1998

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“…Xenograft models are considered to be axenic, but care must be taken to avoid the introduction of contaminant bacteria during the inoculation procedure. The intestinal xenograft model has been used to measure pathologic metrics incited by a variety of biotic incitants of inflammation including Clostridium difficile toxin A and B [ 166 ], Cryptosporidium parvum [ 167 – 169 ], Entamoeba histolytica [ 170 – 173 ], Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) [ 163 , 174 ], Helicobacter pylori [ 175 ], Map [ 176 ], rotavirus [ 174 ], Salmonella typhi [ 177 , 178 ], and S. flexneri [ 179 ]. Metrics of inflammation in xenografts have focused on histopathologic changes, loss of barrier function, and differential expression of pro-inflammatory genes and proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models to study acute and chronic intestinal inflammation in mammals

et al. 2015

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Acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine impart a significant and negative impact on the health and well-being of human and non-human mammalian animals. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of inflammatory disease is mandatory to develop effective treatment and prevention strategies. As inflammatory disease etiologies are multifactorial, the use of appropriate animal models and associated metrics of disease are essential. In this regard, animal models used alone or in combination to study acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the mammalian intestine paired with commonly used inflammation-inducing agents are reviewed. This includes both chemical and biological incitants of inflammation, and both non-mammalian (i.e. nematodes, insects, and fish) and mammalian (i.e. rodents, rabbits, pigs, ruminants, dogs, and non-human primates) models of intestinal inflammation including germ-free, gnotobiotic, as well as surgical, and genetically modified animals. Importantly, chemical and biological incitants induce inflammation via a multitude of mechanisms, and intestinal inflammation and injury can vary greatly according to the incitant and animal model used, allowing studies to ascertain both long-term and short-term effects of inflammation. Thus, researchers and clinicians should be aware of the relative strengths and limitations of the various animal models used to study acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the mammalian intestine, and the scope and relevance of outcomes achievable based on this knowledge. The ability to induce inflammation to mimic common human diseases is an important factor of a successful animal model, however other mechanisms of disease such as the amount of infective agent to induce disease, invasion mechanisms, and the effect various physiologic changes can have on inducing damage are also important features. In many cases, the use of multiple animal models in combination with both chemical and biological incitants is necessary to answer the specific question being addressed regarding intestinal disease. Some incitants can induce acute responses in certain animal models while others can be used to induce chronic responses; this review aims to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses in each animal model and to guide the choice of an appropriate acute or chronic incitant to facilitate intestinal disease.

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“…Control xenografts were injected with 200 l of PBS (sham infection). Tissues were collected 5 days after infection, since this time point was shown in a rabbit intestinal xenograft model to be the earliest after C. parvum infection at which there was consistent and widespread epithelial infection (23). Successful infection was confirmed on paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by transmission electron microscopy as reported previously (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Respond toCryptosporidium parvumInfection with Increased Prostaglandin H Synthase 2 Expression and Prostaglandin E₂and F_2αProduction

et al. 1998

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Cryptosporidium parvum is an important cause of diarrhea in humans and several animal species. Prostaglandins play a central role in regulating intestinal fluid secretion in animal models of cryptosporidiosis, but their cellular sources and mechanisms of induction are unclear. Here, we show that C. parvuminfection directly activates prostaglandin H synthase 2 expression and prostaglandin E2 and F2α production in human intestinal epithelial cells.

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An intestinal xenograft model for Cryptosporidium parvum infection

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Natural Pathogens of Laboratory Mice, Rats, and Rabbits and Their Effects on Research

Natural Pathogens of Laboratory Mice, Rats, and Rabbits and Their Effects on Research

Animal models to study acute and chronic intestinal inflammation in mammals

Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Respond toCryptosporidium parvumInfection with Increased Prostaglandin H Synthase 2 Expression and Prostaglandin E₂and F_2αProduction

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An intestinal xenograft model for Cryptosporidium parvum infection

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Natural Pathogens of Laboratory Mice, Rats, and Rabbits and Their Effects on Research

Natural Pathogens of Laboratory Mice, Rats, and Rabbits and Their Effects on Research

Animal models to study acute and chronic intestinal inflammation in mammals

Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Respond toCryptosporidium parvumInfection with Increased Prostaglandin H Synthase 2 Expression and Prostaglandin E2and F2αProduction

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Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Respond toCryptosporidium parvumInfection with Increased Prostaglandin H Synthase 2 Expression and Prostaglandin E₂and F_2αProduction