An interpretation of transverse whistlers

Abstract

Recently, Carpenter and Dunckel [1965] reported a new type of whistler observed in the Alouette 1 satellite VLF recordings. It appeared in the frequency range of 1–8 kc/s and was observed late at night (2100 ∼ 0100 local time) from moderate to low latitudes (44° ∼ 30° dipole latitudes). One peculiar characteristic of this whistler is that the variation of time delay with frequency, observed at 1000‐km altitude, is given by the sum of the Eckersley law time delay, characteristic of normal whistlers, and an additive correction term, as illustrated in Figure 1. The solid line in Figure 1a shows an example of the measured frequency versus time curve of one such whistler which was observed at 38°N geomagnetic latitude during the Alouette run of March 18, 1963.

Effects of Ions on Whistler‐Mode Ray Tracing

“…Therefore whistler energy may reflect at a rather low altitude: say 1000 km, due to refraction through the region of transverse propagation. The initial purpose of the present work on ray tracing was to confirm the hypothesis of Smith for the SP y·histlers, and to investigate other phenomena such as the "transverse" whistler [Carpenter and Dunckel 1965;Kimura et al, 1965]. In the present work, w~ have adopted the ray-tracing technique of Haselgrove and Haselgrove [1960], and have used the magnetoionic theory with many ions as developed by Hines.…”

U.S.A. National Committee Report, Fifteenth URSI General Assembly, Munich, September 1966: Commission 4,Magnetospheric Radio; Progress in Magnetospheric Radio

“…Transverse whistlers have been identified by Carpenter and Dunckel [1965], which, according to Kimura, Smith, and Brice [1965], result from propagation partly longitudinal and partly transverse.…”