An interpretation of carbon and sulfur relationships in Black Sea sediments as indicators of environments of deposition

Leventhal, Joel S.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(83)90097-2

Cited by 352 publications

(146 citation statements)

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“…Simillarly, the ratio of the organic matter that participated in sulfate reduction reaction and the originally buried organic matter was certain too. The conclusion which can be inferred from these results is that the remaining burial organic matter (TOC) and S p show a positive correlation, and show a zero intercept because if there were no organic matter in the system, the sulfate reduction reaction would not happen and thus no pyrite was formed [36][37][38][39]. On the other hand, under anoxic or euxinic environments, the oxic-anoxic boundary is in the water column.…”

Section: The Relationship Between the Burial Organic Carbon And Sulfumentioning

confidence: 82%

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Correlation of burial organic carbon and paleoproductivity in the Mesoproterozoic Hongshuizhuang Formation, northern North China

et al. 2012

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In general, total organic carbon (TOC) is directly used as a proxy for paleoproductivity, however, it is not only affected by paleoproductivity, but also controlled by redox conditions and terrigenous detrital matter influx. Major and trace elements were analysed with the purpose of investigating the redox potential and paleoproductivity during deposition of the Hongshuizhuang Formation. In the present study, C-S relationship, V/Cr ratio and Mo concentration indicate that the dolomites were deposited in oxic environments, however, most of the black shales were accumulated in euxinic environments. P/Ti values in the Hongshuizhuang samples can be compared with those in the Japanese Ubara Permian-Triassic section which were regarded to be deposited under a moderate to high paleoproductivity. Ba/Al values are slightly lower than that of the laminated sediments from the continental margins of Central California (CCAL) which were thought to be accumulated under a high paleoproductivity. These results indicate that the paleoproductivity was moderate to high during deposition of the Hongshuizhuang Formation. Burial organic carbon shows positive correlations with V/Cr and Mo, but shows only weakly or no correlation with P/Ti and Ba/Al, respectively, suggesting that although the paleoproductivity was moderate to high during deposition of the Hongshuizhuang Formation, its organic-rich sediments were predominantly controlled by redox conditions and had no direct relationship with paleoproductivity.

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Section: The Relationship Between the Burial Organic Carbon And Sulfumentioning

confidence: 82%

“…C-S relationship was widely used to evaluate the redox conditions during deposition of the sediments [4,[36][37][38][39]. In the normal marine (oxic) environments, the oxic-anoxic boundary is under the sediment-water interface.…”

Section: The Relationship Between the Burial Organic Carbon And Sulfumentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of burial organic carbon and paleoproductivity in the Mesoproterozoic Hongshuizhuang Formation, northern North China

et al. 2012

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“…In euxinic environments such as the modern Black Sea, H 2 S already occurs in the water column and framboidal pyrite can be initially formed, resulting in an excess of sulfur (indicated by a positive S intercept in the C/S diagram; see Auxiliary Material, Figure S3) and very low (typically <1) C/S ratios [Leventhal, 1983]. The interval with very low C/S in the ACEX record coincides with significant occurrence of pyrite (see Figure 2), supporting the interpretation of the C/S ration in terms of oxygenation of water mass.…”

Section: Depositional Environment: Anoxia and Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Anoxia and high primary production in the Paleogene central Arctic Ocean: First detailed records from Lomonosov Ridge

Stein

Boucsein

Meyer

2006

Geophysical Research Letters

123

217

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Except for a few discontinuous fragments of the Late Cretaceous/Early Cenozoic climate history and depositional environment, the paleoenvironmental evolution of the pre‐Neogene central Arctic Ocean was virtually unknown prior to the IODP Expedition 302 (Arctic Ocean Coring Expedition–ACEX) drilling campaign on Lomonosov Ridge in 2004. Here we present detailed organic carbon (OC) records from the entire ca. 200 m thick Paleogene OC‐rich section of the ACEX drill sites. These records indicate euxinic “Black Sea‐type” conditions favorable for the preservation of labile aquatic (marine algae‐type) OC occur throughout the upper part of the early Eocene and the middle Eocene, explained by salinity stratification due to freshwater discharge. The superimposed short‐term (“Milankovitch‐type”) variability in amount and composition of OC is related to changes in primary production and terrigenous input. Prominent early Eocene events of algae‐type OC preservation coincide with global δ13C events such as the PETM and Elmo events. The Elmo δ13C Event has been identified in the Arctic Ocean for the first time.

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“…These data plot subparallel to the normal marine trend defined by Berner and Raiswell (1984), but are displaced to lower C/S ratios (Fig. 128) and may indicate anoxic conditions during deposition of Units IV and V (see Leventhal, 1983). The C/N ratios for these sediments are high (Table 13, Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Site 799

1990

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Comments: a Drilling in this hole was conducted during two visits (see text).Ingle, J. C, Jr., Suyehiro, K., von Breymann, M. T., et al., 1990. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 128: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program).2 Shipboard Scientific Party is as given in list of participants preceding the contents. Core recovery (%): 106 HOLE 799CDate Oldest sediment cored:Depth (mbsf): 252.5 Nature: diatom clayey mixed sedimentComments: This was a "dedicated" hole to test the sonic core monitor.Principal results: Our objectives at Site 799, located in the KitaYamato Trough were (1) to determine the depositional and tectonic history of the trough as a sedimented failed-rift environment thought to be ideal or typical for the occurrence of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the Kuroko or perhaps shale-hosted type and (2) to obtain information about the paleoceanographic history of the Yamato Rise area and the Sea of Japan as a whole.Results at Site 799 are summarized below, and a stratigraphic summary is presented in Figure 1. 1. Before drilling, seismic estimates of the thickness of sediment in the Kita-Yamato Trough indicated up to 1300 m of Miocene to Holocene sediments might be present in the axis of this narrow graben structure. Drilling in the trough, we penetrated 1084 m of lower Miocene through Holocene sediments before an increase in hydrocarbon gases and a fluorescent cut forced us to stop drilling. Post-drilling vertical seismic profile (VSP) analysis indicated that acoustic basement was present about 120 m below the base of Hole 799B (1084 mbsf T.D.), indicating a total sediment thickness of about 1200 m.2. The sedimentary column at Site 799 can be divided into five lithologic units that correspond to variations in composition and depositional style and major post-depositional diagenetic changes. Benthic foraminifers indicate that the entire sediment column at Site 799 was deposited at lower to middle bathyal water depths that were approximately equivalent to the presentday water depth at this site (2084 m). Coarse turbidite sands mark early Miocene deposition in the trough area and indicate close proximity to an insular or continental littoral area and associated terrestrial environments. Middle and upper Miocene intervals are dominated by siliceous claystones, porcellanites, and biosiliceous sediments that include common authigenic carbonate layers and nodules, indicating high surface productivity of both siliceous and calcareous plankton during this period. organic matter indicate episodic deposition under low-oxygen bottom-water masses. Lower Pliocene sediments are rich in diatoms, with higher amounts of fine-grained terrigenous sediment appearing in late Pliocene through Pleistocene time, accompanied by slump deposits, redeposited foraminiferal sands, and volcanic ashes. There are hints of a causal relationship between the appearance of the slump deposits and the occurrence of volcanic ashes.3. The opal-A/opal-CT transition occurs at about 435 mbsf and forms a major lithologic and geochemical bound...

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An interpretation of carbon and sulfur relationships in Black Sea sediments as indicators of environments of deposition

Cited by 352 publications

References 5 publications

Correlation of burial organic carbon and paleoproductivity in the Mesoproterozoic Hongshuizhuang Formation, northern North China

Correlation of burial organic carbon and paleoproductivity in the Mesoproterozoic Hongshuizhuang Formation, northern North China

Anoxia and high primary production in the Paleogene central Arctic Ocean: First detailed records from Lomonosov Ridge

Site 799

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