An interpolation scheme for precision intermediate frequency reflection coefficient measurement

Dynamic metrology—an approach to dynamic evaluation of linear time-invariant measurement systems

“…As an example, apply dynamic correction to the weakly damped transducer ('T') with an optimized filter ('A') discussed earlier in section 2.3. The s-plane poles and zeros of the original measurement system are then mapped according to equation (2) to the corresponding parameters of the correction filter in the z-plane, as shown in figure 5. For this particular system, no parameter was mapped outside the unit circle so the time-reversed filter only contained the noise filter.…”

“…Even if the dynamic analyses are very well developed in fields such as signal processing and control theory, there is still a challenge to adapt and apply this knowledge in metrology. Certainly, when characterizing measurement systems using steady-state sinusoidal signals, the amplification and phase delay of each frequency component can be associated with an uncertainty [2]. For transient signals such as pulses, this becomes more complicated.…”

New primary reference standard for vector network analyser calibration at millimetre wavelengths in coaxial line

“…At still lower frequencies, it may be appropriate to substitute a near-matched load as one of the standards to further increase the calibration stability. Such loads are relatively well behaved at low frequencies and can even be characterized [43], prior to use as a calibration standard, so that the device has a predicted value of VRC during calibration.…”

Increasing the accuracy of interpolated calibration with a local rational modelling technique

“…Interpolated calibration enables one to rapidly change the frequencies of interest without performing a recalibration [4]. The idea is straightforward: only perform one initial calibration and interpolate the resulting error-coefficient matrices to intermediate frequencies when needed.…”