An internet of things framework for real-time aquatic environment monitoring using an Arduino and sensors

Abstract

Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms in natural, controlled marine and freshwater environments. The real-time monitoring of aquatic environmental parameters is very important in fish farming. Internet of things (IoT) can play a vital role in the real-time monitoring. This paper presents an IoT framework for the efficient monitoring and effective control of different aquatic environmental parameters related to the water. The proposed system is implemented as an embedded system using sensors and an Arduino. Different sensors including pH, temperature, and turbidity, ultrasonic are placed in cultivating pond water and each of them is connected to a common microcontroller board built on an Arduino Uno. The sensors read the data from the water and store it as a comma-separated values (CSV) file in an IoT cloud named ThingSpeak through the Arduino microcontroller. To validate the experiment, we collected data from 5 ponds of various sizes and environments. After experimental evaluation, it was observed among 5 ponds, only three ponds were perfect for fish farming, where these 3 ponds only satisfied the standard reference values of pH (6.5-8.5), temperature (16-24 °C), turbidity (below 10 ntu), conductivity (970-1825 μS/cm), and depth (1-4) meter. At the end of this paper, a complete hardware implementation of this proposed IoT framework for a real-time aquatic environment monitoring system is presented.

Multilevel sensor for monitoring external and internal environment of eggs

“…Compared to commercial alternatives, the sensor has notable advantages. Using customizable prototyping tools, similarly to studies in other areas ( Niranjan et al, 2021 ; Islam et al, 2022 ; Beyhan, 2023 ), this study presents unique equipment which integrates the collection of environmental variables of great interest for an incubation process, facilitating data collection and management. This eliminates the need for multiple commercial devices which operate in isolation and need to be spreadsheeted later in a single file.…”

“…In this context, electronic prototyping appears as a solution. Open-source sensors offer a low-cost, customizable and multifunctional alternative for measuring environmental properties in different contexts ( Niranjan et al, 2021 ; Islam et al, 2022 ; Beyhan, 2023 ). Such devices can overcome the limitations of commercial sensors, especially in specific applications such as egg incubation.…”

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“…Remote aquatic ecological data acquisition reduces the amount of time humans must spend in the field, thereby limiting the physical hazards and logistical expenses [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] . The ability to observe the data in near real-time (i.e., every 5–15 min) allows stakeholders to monitor an event as it unfolds (e.g., a fish kill) and take appropriate curative actions.…”

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