An international survey of decabromodiphenyl ethane (deBDethane) and decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) in sewage sludge samples

Ricklund, Niklas; Kierkegaard, Amelie; McLachlan, Michael S.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.047

Cited by 85 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…30 The mean sludge BTBPE concentration (0.95 ng g −1 ) in this study was similar to those reported for Korea (1.57 ng g −1 ) 22 and Norway (1.27 ng g −1…”

Section: −1supporting

confidence: 76%

Current Levels and Composition Profiles of Emerging Halogenated Flame Retardants and Dehalogenated Products in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in China

Zeng

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Occurrence of new toxic chemicals in sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is of concern for the environment and human health. Alternative halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) are a group of potentially harmful organic contaminants in the environment. In this study, a nationwide survey was carried out to identify the occurrence of HFRs and their potential dehalogenated products in sewage sludge from 62 WWTPs in China. Of all 20 target chemicals analyzed, decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and 1, 2-bis (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-ethane (BTBPE) were detected in all sludge samples, and the concentrations were in the range of 0.82−215, 0.09−65.8, and 0.10−2.26 ng g −1 d.w., respectively. Dechlorane Plus (DP) was found in 60 of 62 samples, and the concentration ranged from nd−298 ng g −1 with a mean of 18.9 ng g −1 d.w. The anti-DP fractional abundance f anti (0.79) in the samples was much higher than the commercial DP composition (f anti = 0.59), indicating a stereoselective degradation. Comparison with global sludge concentrations of HFRs indicate that China is at the medium pollution level in the world. Principal components analysis revealed that strong correlations existed between ln-transformed concentrations (natural logarithm) of the dominant BFRs and total organic carbon (TOC) as well as industrial wastewater proportion, influent volume and serving population. Significant linear relationships (R = 0.360−0.893, p < 0.01) were found among emerging brominated flame retardants (BFRs), suggesting their common commercial applications and release sources to the environment. Two kinds of dehalogenated products, pentabromocyclododecane (PBCD) and undecachloropentacyclooctadecadiene (Cl 11 -DP), derived from HBCD and DP, were also identified in sewage sludge for the first time.

show abstract

“…30 The mean sludge BTBPE concentration (0.95 ng g −1 ) in this study was similar to those reported for Korea (1.57 ng g −1 ) 22 and Norway (1.27 ng g −1…”

Section: −1supporting

confidence: 76%

Current Levels and Composition Profiles of Emerging Halogenated Flame Retardants and Dehalogenated Products in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in China

Zeng

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, an international survey of DBDPE in sewage sludge was performed [55]. Samples of sewage sludge from 11 different countries were analyzed for DBDPE and BDE-209.…”

Section: Sewage Water and Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Brominated Flame Retardants in the Environment

Wit

Kierkegaard

Ricklund

et al. 2010

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A number of new brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are being found in the environment but the amount of data is still very small. The best studied emerging BFRs are 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane and decabromodiphenyl ethane, with some data for hexabromobenzene, pentabromoethylbenzene, pentabromotoluene, tetrabromobisphenol A derivatives, bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate, 2-ethylhexyltetrabromobenzoate, 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl) cyclohexane, and 2,4,6-tribromophenol. Very little data are available for 2,4,6-tribromophenyl allyl ether, 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether, hexachlorocyclopentadienyldibromocyclooctane, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate, tetrabromophthalic anhydride, 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane, and octabromo-1,3,3-trimethyl-1-phenylindane. Indoor air concentrations are generally higher than outdoor air concentrations, indicating emissions from flame-retarded products. Their presence in indoor air and dust indicates possible human exposure from this pathway, but there are little human data available to determine this. The presence of several of these BFRs in fish, birds, and mammals indicates that they are bioavailable and can be absorbed and bioaccumulated. Their presence in outdoor air and in the Arctic indicates that several are capable of long range atmospheric transport. More data on these new BFRs are needed in order to determine if they pose unacceptable risks to the environment and to human health.

show abstract

“…The BDE-209 concentration in the same sample was 1 280 ng/g dry weight, resulting in a DBDPE/BDE-209 ratio of 0.02. Ricklund et al (2008) studied municipal sewage sludge from eleven different countries of which five were European. DBDPE was found in samples from all countries at concentrations up to 220 ng/g dry weight.…”

Section: During 2005 To 2009 Salamova and Hitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

2012

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on brominated flame retardants (BFRs) other than PBDEs, PBBs, HBCDDs, TBBPA and brominated phenols and their derivatives. The BFRs that are the subject of the current opinion, were classified in groups termed "emerging" and "novel" BFRs. Information on 17 emerging and 10 novel BFRs was collected. The information varied widely for these BFRs. There is a lack of experimental data on physico-chemical characteristics, stability/reactivity and current use and production volume of all the emerging and novel BFRs. Due to the very limited information on occurrence, exposure and toxicity, the CONTAM Panel could not perform a risk characterisation for any of the BFRs considered. Instead, an attempt was made to identify those BFRs that could be a potential health concern and should be considered first for future investigations. For this purpose the Panel first evaluated the available experimental data on occurrence in food, behaviour in the environment and toxicity. Secondly, a modelling exercise was performed focussing on the potential of the emerging and novel BFRs for persistence in the environment and for their possible bioaccumulation potential. There is convincing evidence that tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TDBPP) and dibromoneopentyl glycol (DBNPG) are genotoxic and carcinogenic, warranting further surveillance of their occurrence in the environment and in food. Based on the limited experimental data on environmental behaviour, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) and hexabromobenzene (HBB) were identified as compounds that could raise a concern for bioaccumulation. For the modelling exercise, the CONTAM Panel selected two environmental characteristics, overall persistence and potential for bioaccumulation, as being most relevant to provide insight into the possibility that emerging or novel BFRs The less well known and less studied BFRs, subject of the current opinion, were grouped into two classes, referred to herein as "emerging" and "novel" BFRs. Emerging BFRs are defined as chemicals which are applied as flame retardants and that have been identified in any environmental compartment, in wildlife, in food or in humans. It should be noted that the definition for the emerging BFRs, used in this opinion, does not imply that there is evidence for an increasing trend in the concentration of these BFRs in the environment, in food or in human samples. Novel BFRs are defined as chemicals applied as flame retardants, with confirmed presence in materials and/or goods in concentrations above 0.1 %, but not identified in environmental samples, wildlife, food or humans. In total, information on 27 BFRs, of which 17 were identified as "emerging" and 10 as "novel", was collected by the CONTAM Panel, and it was noted that the available information varied widely for the various individual BFRs.In general, there is a lack of experimental data on physico-chemical characteristics and stability/reactivity for all the emerging and novel BFRs. This sometimes hampered ...

show abstract

An international survey of decabromodiphenyl ethane (deBDethane) and decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) in sewage sludge samples

Cited by 85 publications

References 15 publications

Current Levels and Composition Profiles of Emerging Halogenated Flame Retardants and Dehalogenated Products in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in China

Current Levels and Composition Profiles of Emerging Halogenated Flame Retardants and Dehalogenated Products in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in China

Emerging Brominated Flame Retardants in the Environment

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About