An international study of the exposure of children to traffic.

Roberts, Ian; Carlin, John B.; Bennett, Catherine M; Bergström, Ebba; Guyer, Bernard; Nolan, Terry; Norton, Robyn; Pless, Ivan Barry; Rao, Ravi; Stevenson, Mark

doi:10.1136/ip.3.2.89

Cited by 48 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The majority of collision involving pedestrian age 17 and younger and 65 and older occurred near home. There is extensive pediatric literature addressing the proximity of child auto-pedestrian collisions to victims' homes or schools [Agran et al, 1994;Malek et al, 1990;Braddock et al, 1994;Roberts et al, 1997;Lightstone et al, 2001;La Scala et al, 2004].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Literature exploring child pedestrian injury suggests that collisions often occur close to children's homes or schools [Agran, Winn, Anderson, 1994;Malek, Guyer, Lescoheir, 1990;Braddock, Lapidus, Cromley, 1994;Roberts et al, 1997;Lightstone, Dhillon, Peek-Asa, 2001;La Scala, Guenewald, Johnson, 2004]. Additionally, past studies have identified factors associated with the risk of adult pedestrian collision and injury such as age and gender [La Scala, Gerber, Gruenewald, 2000;Graham, Glaister, Anderson, 2005;Hijar, Kraus, Tovar, 2001;Gorrie, Brown, Waite, 2008], alcohol involvement [La Scala et al, 2000;Shuurman, Cinnamon, Crooks, 2009;Paulozzi, 2006], and socio-economic status [Rivara and Barber, 1985;La Scala et al, 2000;Graham et al, 2005;Chakravarthy, Anderson, Ludlow, 2010] among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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425 An Analysis of Distance From Collision Site to Pedestrian Home Residence in Pedestrian versus Automobile Collisions Presenting to a Level I Trauma Center

Hoang

Rowther

Carroll

et al. 2011

Annals of Emergency Medicine

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-This study tests the hypothesis that most pedestrian collisions occur near victims' homes. Patients involved in automobile versus pedestrian collisions who presented to the emergency department at a Level I trauma center between January 2000 and December 2009 were included in the study. Patient demographics were obtained from the trauma registry. Home address was determined from hospital records, collision site was determined from the paramedic run sheet, and the shortest walking distance between the collision site and pedestrian residence was determined using Google Maps. We summarized distances for groups with the median and compared groups using the Kruskal-Wallis rank test. We identified 1917 pedestrian injury cases and identified both residence address and collision location for 1213 cases (63%). Forty-eight percent of the collisions were near home (within 1.1 km, 95% CI 45-51%). Median distance from residence to collision site was 1.4 km (interquartile range 0.3-7.4 km). For ages 0-17, the median distance 0.7 km, and 59% (95% CI 54-63%) of collisions occurred near home. For ages 65 and older, the median distance was 0.6 km and 65% (95% CI 55-73%) were injured near home. Distance did not differ by sex, race, ethnicity, or blood alcohol level. More severe injuries (Injury Severity Score ≥ 16) occurred further from home than less severe injuries (median 1.9 km vs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

425 An Analysis of Distance From Collision Site to Pedestrian Home Residence in Pedestrian versus Automobile Collisions Presenting to a Level I Trauma Center

Hoang

Rowther

Carroll

et al. 2011

Annals of Emergency Medicine

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“…L'étalement urbain et la dépendance à l'automobile affectent de manière particulièrement sévère les enfants dans la mesure où l'utilisation des modes actifs de déplacement (aussi appelés « doux » en Europe) y est compromise (Hillman et Adams, 1992;Roberts et al, 1997). Ces modes sont en effet essentiels pour les enfants, car ils contribuent à leur prise d'autonomie et à leur développement (Fotel et Thomsen, 2003).…”

Section: Le Rapport Ville-campagneunclassified

L’enfant et la ville : notes introductoires

Cloutier

Torres

2010

efg

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La relation entre l’enfant et la ville suscite l’intérêt grandissant des praticiens et chercheurs de diverses disciplines à travers le monde. Cette introduction propose de resituer les analyses contemporaines à la croisée de l’évolution des transformations urbaines et des changements dans les représentations de l’enfance. Se dessinent notamment des correspondances entre les diverses perspectives théoriques du rapport personne-environnement et la manière de concevoir l’enfant. Ainsi, la passivité des individus, implicite dans l’approche de disjonction, évoque la vision déterministe de l’enfance : on se préoccupe alors des effets de la ville sur une population « sans défense ». L’approche de conjonction présente au contraire l’enfant comme un acteur dynamique et conduit à explorer la ville au travers de son regard. Ce changement de posture amène les chercheurs et les praticiens à chercher à comprendre et à façonner avec les enfants leur milieu de vie. Par une brève présentation des contributions des collaborateurs à ce numéro, les auteurs signalent les principaux enjeux qui se dégagent des analyses autour de la mobilité des écoliers du primaire d’un point de vue urbanistique, de la socialisation au risque routier chez les enfants d’un point de vue psychologique, de la prise en compte des adolescents lors de l’aménagement des quartiers, des stratégies de survie de jeunes travailleurs ambulants dans le contexte urbain d’un pays en développement et de l’impact d’un dispositif d’apaisement de la circulation sur l’autonomie des enfants du point de vue de la géographie urbaine.The relationship between the child and the city has been arousing growing interest amongst practitioners and research workers across the world. The present introduction is intended to contextualize contemporary analysis, placing it at the confluence of urban change and new approaches to representations of childhood. What emerge more especially are the connections between the various theoretical standpoints as to the relationship between the individual and the environment, and the way in which the child is viewed. Thus, the passivity of the individual which is implicit in a disjunctive approach calls up the determinist concept of childhood, where the main concern is the impact of the city on a “defenseless” population. The conjunctive approach, on the other hand, views the child as a dynamic player and invites the researcher and the practitioner to explore the city with the child’s eyes. This change of perspective leads them to attempt to understand and work with children to shape their environment. Through a short presentation of the various articles which make up this number, the authors provide an overview of the main issues that emerge from studies which include the mobility of primary school children as seen by the town planner, the psychologist’s view of the socialization of traffic risk as it affects the child pedestrian, the consideration to be given to adolescents when designing or developing urban neighbourhoods, the survival strategies pr...

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“…Similarly, the likelihood that children engage in AST tends to decrease with increasing parental car ownership Roberts et al, 1997). Social norms (Lee et al, 2013;McMillan et al, 2007) and social support from friends have also been shown to be associated with AST (Hohepa et al, 2007;Hume et al, 2009;Panter et al, 2010a;.…”

Section: Social Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%