An international review of the most productive and cost effective forest biomass recovery technologies and supply chains

Assessment Techniques in Forest Biomass along the Timber Supply Chain

“…Sorting residue into chipping or grinding categories can increase biomass product quality but leads to higher operating costs [23]. In the Southern Hemisphere and the Southern USA, the main source of bioenergy comes from clear-cut residues, although in the Southern USA, some stemwood is also used for this purpose [19].…”

“…The review examines both the opportunities and the challenges evident in the international forest residue estimation methods within each supply chain for primary and secondary forest resources. The review also discusses techniques for supply chain and management planning and highlights the limitations of existing information and communication technology (ICT) implemented for forest biomass research.forest biomass supply chain is urban wood residue; this includes construction and demolition wood debris, tree trimmings, packaging, and consumer waste [8].Previous studies on biomass utilization were reviewed with a focus on supply chain models and the most productive [9-17] and cost-effective forest biomass recovery technologies [18,19]. To improve decision making in the biomass energy supply chain, the design, planning, and management of these supply chains have been reviewed by several researchers [12,16,17].…”

“…In addition, decision support models for the chains were discussed by Sharma et al and Awudu and Zhang in [13,15]. Productive and cost-efficient technologies for forest biomass harvesting were analyzed by Mohammad et al in North American, European, and Southern Hemisphere regions [18,19]. Most of these papers focused only on the forest harvesting techniques considered to be important in the design of the biomass energy supply chain; there are few review studies related to forest biomass estimation techniques along the timber supply chain [4,8,20].…”

“…Previous studies on biomass utilization were reviewed with a focus on supply chain models and the most productive [9-17] and cost-effective forest biomass recovery technologies [18,19]. To improve decision making in the biomass energy supply chain, the design, planning, and management of these supply chains have been reviewed by several researchers [12,16,17].…”

Economic analysis of forest residues supply chain options to produce enhanced‐quality feedstocks

“…Extensive research has been performed on the individual unit operations in the forest biomass supply chain such as residue collection in the woods, compaction of residues, comminution, moisture content, and transport . Forest residues that are typically spread around the woods are instead collected and loaded into a dump truck to be comminuted at a centralized location, or portable grinders can be used to grind forest residues at forest landings and hauled to a concentration yard . These methods are suitable for timber harvesting, where biomass and unprocessed treetops are left in the forest .…”