An international network to monitor the structure, composition and dynamics of Amazonian forests (RAINFOR)

Malhi, Yadvinder; Phillips, Oliver L.; Lloyd, Jon; Baker, Timothy R.; Wright, James; Almeida, Samuel; Arroyo, Luzmila; Frederiksen, T.; Grace, John; Higuchi, Níro; Killeen, Timothy J.; Laurance, William F.; Leaño, Claudio; Lewis, Simon L.; Meir, Patrick; Monteagudo, Abel; Neill, David; Vargas, Percy Núñez; Panfil, S.N.; Patiño, S.; Pitman, Nigel C. A.; Quesada, C. A.; Rudas-Ll., Agustín; Salomão, Rafael de Paiva; Saleska, S. R.; Silva, N.; Silveira, Marcos; Sombroek, W.G.; Valencia, Renato; Martínez, R. Vásquez; Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães; Vinceti, Barbara

doi:10.1658/1100-9233(2002)013[0439:aintmt]2.0.co;2

Cited by 107 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Vieira et al 2004). Congruent with the findings of this study, the association of higher stem densities under conditions of reduced climate seasonality (stem density packing) appears to be a widespread pattern (Malhi et al 2002;Ter Steege et al 2003;Vieira et al 2004;Losos et al 2004). Less seasonal Amazonian tropical forests had higher stem frequencies and the majority of trees were disproportionately concentrated in the small to medium size classes.…”

Section: Determinants Of Forest Structuresupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Less seasonal Amazonian tropical forests had higher stem frequencies and the majority of trees were disproportionately concentrated in the small to medium size classes. Malhi et al (2002) recorded higher stem densities for non-seasonal forests on low fertility sites. Ter Steege et al (2003) attributed the inverse relationship of trees/ha and dry season length in Amazonian forests to a regulatory effect of non-seasonal rainfall favouring greater shade tolerance and hence persistence of trees in subcanopy strata.…”

Section: Determinants Of Forest Structurementioning

confidence: 91%

“…The results were placed within the broader context of the existing understanding of the factors controlling forest structure for tropical and subtropical forests in general (e.g. Malhi et al 2002;Losos et al 2004). Some implications of the insights gained from this study were discussed in respect of challenges pertaining to silviculture in tropical forests (Bruenig 1996;Dawkins and Philip 1998;Seydack 2000Seydack , 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest structure in selected South African forests: edaphoclimatic environment, phase and disturbance

2011

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Analysing data from 903 permanent sample plots situated in medium-moist and moist forests in the southern Cape, South Africa, we explored factors controlling forest structure. Pronounced subcanopy stem density persistence (well-stocked subcanopy forest matrix) and stem density packing (comparatively high stem densities of relatively large-sized trees) were found in the moist, less seasonal (quasi-tropical) Tsitsikamma forests. These attributes of structure were linked to the prevailing dystrophic, less seasonal conditions and the associated metabolic vertical growth orientation. The cool, moist and seasonal (quasi-temperate) Knysna forests had lower densities of relatively large-sized trees at the canopy level (stem density intolerance). This was attributed to the lateral growth mode and extended persistence of the trees involved. The warm, seasonal (quasi-subtropical) Outeniqua forests, on relatively nutrient-rich soils, had high stem densities at the canopy level relative to the subcanopy stratum; due to a combination of low subcanopy tree persistence, fast ingrowth of trees into the canopy stratum, which were then lost to mortality before they reached large sizes (high canopy tree turnover). Persistence of the multi-species subcanopy forest matrix supported asynchronous establishment and death of individual trees. Typical for tropical-type forests, the development of trees towards maturity (phase) was associated with a spatially fine-grained disturbance regime. A metabolic performance trade-off model was developed and provided an ecophysiological framework for the interpretation of forest structure and its underlying dynamics. This explanatory model indicated causal links between intraspecific metabolic tactics of trees in response to their edaphoclimatic environment and associated attributes of forest structure. Some implications of the findings for tropical forest management are discussed.

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Section: Determinants Of Forest Structuresupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Determinants Of Forest Structurementioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest structure in selected South African forests: edaphoclimatic environment, phase and disturbance

2011

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“…2300 mm, an average of 3-4 months a year receiving less than 100 mm, and a mean annual temperature of ca. 25 8C (Malhi et al 2002). The natural vegetation of the region is humid lowland tropical forest, characterised by substantial edaphic and floristic compositional variation (e.g., Gentry 1988).…”

Section: Biodiversity In the Research Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Local values for harvested forest plants in Madre de Dios, Peru: Towards a more contextualised interpretation of quantitative ethnobotanical data

Lawrence

Phillips

Ismodes³

et al. 2005

Biodivers Conserv

142

124

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This study builds on earlier quantitative ethnobotanical studies to develop an approach which represents local values for useful forest species, in order to explore factors affecting those values. The method, based on respondents' ranking of taxa, compares favourably with more time-consuming quantitative ethnobotanical techniques, and allows results to be differentiated according to social factors (gender and ethnic origin), and ecological and socio-economic context. We worked with 126 respondents in five indigenous and five immigrant communities within a forest-dominated landscape in the Peruvian Amazonia. There was wide variability among responses, indicating a complex of factors affecting value. The most valued family is Arecaceae, followed by Fabaceae and Moraceae. Overall, fruit and noncommercialised construction materials predominate but women tend to value fruit and other non-timber species more highly than timber, while the converse is shown by men. Indigenous respondents tend to value more the species used for fruit, domestic construction and other NTFPs, while immigrants tend to favour commercialised timber species. Across all communities, values are influenced by both markets and the availability of the taxa; as the favourite species become scarce, others replace them in perceived importance. As markets become more accessible, over-exploitation of the most valuable species and livelihood diversification contribute to a decrease in perceived value of the forest.

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“…Caxiuanã National Forest is also a RAINFOR site where important ecological and biogeochemical consequences of environmental change are being monitored to understand their effects on forest biomass and dynamics (Malhi et al 2002). The results obtained by RAINFOR and TEAM are complementary and comprehensive, potentially allowing environmental impacts to be understood more thoroughly.…”

Section: Camera Phototrappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring mammals in the Caxiuanã National Forest, Brazil – First results from the Tropical Ecology, Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) program

2006

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The need for long-term biodiversity monitoring using standardized protocols led to the creation of the Tropical Ecology, Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) initiative. At some 50 field stations in tropical forests around the world, TEAM will monitor various taxa such as ants, birds, butterflies, medium and large terrestrial mammals, primates, litter fall, and trees, as well as landscape change in nine tropical biodiversity hotspots and three tropical wilderness areas. The TEAM terrestrial mammal program calls for using a grid of camera phototraps to monitor long-term trends in densities and occupancy rates of species that can or cannot be uniquely identified, respectively. We describe the TEAM camera phototrapping program and provide results for the first TEAM site-Caxiuanã National Forest in northern Brazil. An intensive one year camera trapping effort was carried out to determine which months were most suitable for long-term monitoring. Fifteen species of medium and large terrestrial mammals and two large birds were recorded, including three xenarthrans, five carnivores, one perissodactyle, three artiodactyles, two rodents, and one marsupial. The medium and large terrestrial mammal diversity was well represented during two consecutive wet and dry months, respectively. We also recorded activity patterns for all species photographed by our camera traps more than 10 times.

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An international network to monitor the structure, composition and dynamics of Amazonian forests (RAINFOR)

Cited by 107 publications

References 20 publications

Forest structure in selected South African forests: edaphoclimatic environment, phase and disturbance

Forest structure in selected South African forests: edaphoclimatic environment, phase and disturbance

Local values for harvested forest plants in Madre de Dios, Peru: Towards a more contextualised interpretation of quantitative ethnobotanical data

Monitoring mammals in the Caxiuanã National Forest, Brazil – First results from the Tropical Ecology, Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) program

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