An Intermetamorphic Larval Stage of a Mantis Shrimp and Its Contribution to the 'Missing-Element Problem' of Stomatopod Raptorial Appendages

Haug, Joachim T.; Rudolf, Nicole R.; Wagner, Philipp; Gundi, Paula T.; Fetzer, Lara-Leonie; Haug, Carolin

doi:10.9734/arrb/2016/25938

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Element 2 (merus) short, roughly triangular; exact outline unclear due to preservation. Element 3 (carpo-propodus; see Haug et al (2016) for element determination of maxillipeds) massive, twice as wide as element 1, twice as long as wide. Rounded medially and laterally, widest in the middle.…”

Section: Morphological Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new fossil mantis shrimp and the convergent evolution of a lobster-like morphotype

Haug

2021

PeerJ

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Eumalacostracan crustaceans all have a more or less stereotypic body organisation in the sense of tagmosis. Originally, this included a head with six segments (ocular segment plus five appendage-bearing segments), a thorax region with eight segments, and a pleon with six segments. Interestingly, despite these restrictions in variability in terms of tagmosis, the morphological diversity within Eumalacostraca is rather high. A group providing representative examples that are commonly known is Decapoda. Decapodan crustaceans include shrimp-like forms, lobster-like forms and crab-like forms. The stem species of Eucarida, the group including Decapoda and Euphausiacea, presumably possessed a rather shrimp-like morphology, quite similar to the stem species of Eumalacostraca. Also two other lineages within Eumalacostraca, namely Hoplocarida (with the mantis shrimps as modern representatives) and Neocarida (with the sister groups Thermosbaenacea and Peracarida) evolved from the shrimp-like body organisation to include a lobster-like one. In this study, we demonstrate that the stepwise evolution towards a lobster morphotype occurred to a certain extent in similar order in these three lineages, Hoplocarida, Eucarida and Peracarida, leading to similar types of derived body organisation. This evolutionary reconstruction is based not only on observations of modern fauna, but especially on exceptionally preserved Mesozoic fossils, including the description of a new species of mantis shrimps bridging the morphological gap between the more ancestral-appearing Carboniferous forms and the more modern-appearing Jurassic forms. With this, Mesozoic eumalacostracans represent an important (if not unique) ‘experimental set-up’ for research on factors leading to convergent evolution, the understanding of which is still one of the puzzling challenges of modern evolutionary theory.

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Section: Morphological Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new fossil mantis shrimp and the convergent evolution of a lobster-like morphotype

Haug

2021

PeerJ

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“…Although it has been mentioned before (Gurney, 1942;Knight, 1967), we still see a certain lack of consideration towards museum material. We therefore want to again express the importance of wild-caught material, widely available in plankton samples in collections all over the world (recent examples include Kutschera et al, 2012;Haug and Haug, 2014;Eiler et al, 2016;Rudolf et al, 2016;Haug et al, 2016a;2016b;2018;Gundi et al, 2020) for fully understanding and describing the ontogenetic processes of decapodan crustacean species.…”

Section: Hippoidean Morphology and Life Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of hippoidean crabs - considering ontogeny, quantifiable morphology, and phenotypic plasticity

et al. 2021

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Representatives of Hippoidea, often called sand crabs or mole crabs, are an ingroup of Anomala. These marine crustaceans inhabit the tropical and subtropical coasts of the world, yet some also appear in temperate climates. Their adults are specialized for digging and living in sandy substrates. Hippoidean zoea-type larvae are planktic and reach large sizes up to a few centimetres. These larvae transform into megalopa larvae, strongly resembling the adult, mediating the transition to the benthic lifestyle of the adult. We reconstructed outlines in dorsal view of over 80 shields of hippoideans, including representatives of Blepharipodidae (sister group to all others), Albuneidae, and Hippidae and including adults, megalopa-type, and zoea-type larvae from all three ingroups. We conducted a morphological analysis on this data using an elliptic Fourier transformation and principal component analysis. We used the results of the analysis to discuss the life history of hippoideans and the special function of megalopae, which often lack emphasis in current research. Early stage zoea larvae, megalopae, and adults show a linear gradient in their morphological development according to our analysis. However, late stage zoea larvae deviate from this pattern, possibly due to their specialization to a long-lasting planktic life. Lastly, we discuss the influence of phenotypic plasticity in hippoidean zoea larvae.

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“…Especially for representatives of Insecta and their relatives there are numerous examples of larvae that cannot be easily taxonomically treated, but still provide important information for various zoological questions:A larva may possess an unusual, so far unknown or unrecognised overall morphology (Williamson, 1960; Henry, 1978; Gamô, 1979; Martin & Ormsby, 1991; Chen et al, 2014; Haug & Haug, 2014; Haug et al, 2016a; Rudolf, Haug & Haug, 2016). A larva may possess a combination of characters so far unknown or unrecognised for a specific larval stage (Villamar & Brusca, 1988; Lindley et al, 2002; Haug et al, 2016b). Larvae may possess much more variability among each other than expected based on the variability of the adults (De Beer, 1958; Lang, Krapp & Melzer, 2007; Hübner et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A larva may possess a combination of characters so far unknown or unrecognised for a specific larval stage (Villamar & Brusca, 1988; Lindley et al, 2002; Haug et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beetle larvae with unusually large terminal ends and a fossil that beats them all (Scraptiidae, Coleoptera)

Haug

2019

PeerJ

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Larvae, and especially fossil larvae, are challenging to deal with from a purely taxonomic view. Often one cannot determine which species the larvae belong to. Yet, larvae can still contribute to various scientific questions. Especially morphological traits of a fossil larva can be highly informative for reconstructing character evolution. Also the occurrence of specific larval types and larval characters in time and the disappearance of such forms can well be reconstructed also without being able to narrow down the phylogenetic relationship of a larva very far. Here, we report two new beetle larvae preserved in Baltic amber which are identified as representatives of Scraptiidae, based on an enlarged terminal end (‘9th abdomen segment’); this is only the third record of such larvae. In comparison to modern forms, the terminal ends of the two new fossil larvae is even larger in relation to the remaining body than in any known larva. Unfortunately, our knowledge of such larvae in the modern fauna is very limited. Still, one of the two already known fossil larvae of Scraptiidae also has a very long terminal end, but not as long as those of the two new fossils. These three fossil larvae therefore seem to possess a specific morphology not known from the modern fauna. This might either mean that they (1) represent a now extinct larval morphology, a phenomenon well known in other euarthropodan lineages, or that (2) these forms represent a part of the larval phase not known from modern day species as they have not been described yet; such cases occur in closely related lineages. In any case, the fossils expand the known diversity of larval morphologies.

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An Intermetamorphic Larval Stage of a Mantis Shrimp and Its Contribution to the 'Missing-Element Problem' of Stomatopod Raptorial Appendages

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

A new fossil mantis shrimp and the convergent evolution of a lobster-like morphotype

A new fossil mantis shrimp and the convergent evolution of a lobster-like morphotype

Diversity of hippoidean crabs - considering ontogeny, quantifiable morphology, and phenotypic plasticity

Beetle larvae with unusually large terminal ends and a fossil that beats them all (Scraptiidae, Coleoptera)

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