An Interference EMG Model of Selected Water Samples

Fiala, Pavel; Bartušek, K.; Bachorec, T.; Dohnal, P.

doi:10.23919/piers.2018.8597958

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The models calibrated in this manner, for the above conditions (1) ad A) and ad B), allow us to consider the expected results of the analyses, such as that of the DNA [28]; these models can then be formed by using not only implicit approaches and experiments, but also explicit description and evaluation of the electromagnetic field and its quantities. In application terms, nanotechnology may exploit models and analyses published previously, including those comprised in sources [6,7,10…”

Section: Results Of the Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the most convenient approach is selected according to the type of analysis planned and the numerical model designed. If an analysis of signals on a nano-or microstructure is to be performed, we can set up the numerical model based on the condition (1)ad A) f t  110 6 ; 50010 9  [Hz], f a1  210 13 [Hz], facilitating: 1) evaluation of both the transient processes which capture the motion of the electrically charged objects (electrons) and the electromagnetic couplings known from physicochemical descriptions of inorganic and organic material structures [10,20,23], and 2) harmonic analysis and evaluation of the S and Z parameters, with represented distribution of the electromagnetic field in the time and frequency domains [6,10,17,19]. If the desired task is to analyze and evaluate the distribution of the electromagnetic field at the level of the nanostructure elements (nanometric objects; condition (1), ad B) f t  2010 13 ; 4010 13  [Hz], f a1  210 13 [Hz]), the model should include: 1) a harmonic analysis and evaluation of the S parameters, with a swept frequency for the expected band, and 2) a different, ring theory-based design [22,23,49] to evaluate the electromagnetic field and to carry out an analysis with a swept frequency spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modeling Electromagnetic Nanostructures and Experimenting With Nanoelectric Elements to Form Periodic Structures

Steinbauer

Pernica

Zukal

et al. 2020

IAPGOS

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We discuss the numerical modeling of electromagnetic, carbon-based periodic structures, including graphene, graphane, graphite, and graphyne. The materials are suitable for sub-micron sensors, electric lines, and other applications, such as those within biomedicine, photonics, nano- and optoelectronics; in addition to these domains and branches, the applicability extends into, for example, microscopic solutions for modern SMART elements. The proposed classic and hybrid numerical models are based on analyzing a periodic structure with a high repeatability, and they exploit the concept of a carbon structure having its fundamental dimension in nanometers. The models can simulate harmonic and transient processes; are capable of evaluating the actual random motion of an electric charge as a source of spurious signals; and consider the parameters of harmonic signal propagation along the structure. The results obtained from the analysis are utilizable for the design of sensing devices based on carbon periodic structures and were employed in experiments with a plasma generator. The aim is to provide a broader overview of specialized nanostructural modeling, or, more concretely, to outline a model utilizable in evaluating the propagation of a signal along a structure’s surface.

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Section: Results Of the Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Electromagnetic Nanostructures and Experimenting With Nanoelectric Elements to Form Periodic Structures

Steinbauer

Pernica

Zukal

et al. 2020

IAPGOS

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show abstract

“…ESEM is specific by vacuum chambers separated by small apertures, in which supersonic flow is generated at very low pressures at the lower limit of continuum mechanics. The flow is very specific [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Supersonic Flow in Scintillator Detector Apertures on the Resulting Pumping Effect of the Vacuum Chambers

Maxa

Neděla

Šabacká

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The article describes the combination of experimental measurements with mathematical–physics analyses in flow investigation in the chambers of the scintillator detector, which is a part of the environmental scanning electron microscope. The chambers are divided with apertures by small openings that keep the desirable pressure differences between three chambers: The specimen chamber, the differentially pumped intermediate chamber, and the scintillator chamber. There are conflicting demands on these apertures. On the one hand, the diameter of the apertures must be as big as possible so that they incur minimal losses of the passing secondary electrons. On the other hand, it is possible to magnify the apertures only to a certain extent so the rotary and turbomolecular vacuum pump can maintain the required operating pressures in separate chambers. The article describes the combination of experimental measurement using an absolute pressure sensor and mathematical physics analysis to map all the specifics of the emerging critical supersonic flow in apertures between the chambers. Based on the experiments and their tuned analyses, the most effective variant of combining the sizes of each aperture concerning different operating pressures in the detector is determined. The situation is made more difficult by the described fact that each aperture separates a different pressure gradient, so the gas flow through each aperture has its own characteristics with a different type of critical flow, and they influence each other, thereby influencing the final passage of secondary electrons detected by the scintillator and thus affecting the resulting displayed image.

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“…Temperature sensing in supersonic flow using sensors presents challenges not only due to the compressibility of the gas but also because of the formation of shockwaves, which strongly affect the values of state quantities [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. In the free flow, their value is completely different than in the flow with the inserted probe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Supersonic Flow in Atmospheric and Low Pressure in the Region of Shock Waves Creation for Electron Microscopy

Šabacká,

Maxa,

Bayer

et al. 2023

Sensors

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This paper presents mathematical-physics analyses in the field of the influence of inserted sensors on the supersonic flow behind the nozzle. It evaluates differences in the flow in the area of atmospheric pressure and low pressure on the boundary of continuum mechanics. To analyze the formation of detached and conical shock waves and their distinct characteristics in atmospheric pressure and low pressure on the boundary of continuum mechanics, we conduct comparative analyses using two types of inserted sensors: flat end and tip. These analyses were performed in two variants, considering pressure ratios of 10:1 both in front of and behind the nozzle. The first variant involved using atmospheric pressure in the chamber in front of the nozzle. The second type of analysis was conducted with a pressure of 10,000 Pa in front of the nozzle. While this represents a low pressure at the boundary of continuum mechanics, it remains above the critical limit of 113 Pa. This deliberate choice was made as it falls within the team’s research focus on low-pressure regions. Although it is situated at the boundary of continuum mechanics, it is intentionally within a pressure range where the viscosity values are not yet dependent on pressure. In these variants, the nature of the flow was investigated concerning the ratio of inertial and viscous flow forces under atmospheric pressure conditions, and it was compared with flow conditions at low pressure. In the low-pressure scenario, the ratio of inertial and viscous flow forces led to a significant reduction in the value of inertial forces. The results showed an altered flow character, characterized by a reduced tendency for the formation of cross-oblique shockwaves within the nozzle itself and the emergence of shockwaves with increased thickness. This increased thickness is attributed to viscous forces inhibiting the thickening of the shockwave itself. This altered flow character may have implications, such as influencing temperature sensing with a tipped sensor. The shockwave area may form in a very confined space in front of the tip, potentially impacting the results. Additionally, due to reduced inertial forces, the cone shock wave’s angle is a few degrees larger than theoretical predictions, and there is no tilting due to lower inertial forces. These analyses serve as the basis for upcoming experiments in the experimental chamber designed specifically for investigations in the given region of low pressures at the boundary of continuum mechanics. The objective, in combination with mathematical-physics analyses, is to determine changes within this region of the continuum mechanics boundary where inertial forces are markedly lower than in the atmosphere but remain under the influence of unreduced viscosity.

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An Interference EMG Model of Selected Water Samples

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Modeling Electromagnetic Nanostructures and Experimenting With Nanoelectric Elements to Form Periodic Structures

Modeling Electromagnetic Nanostructures and Experimenting With Nanoelectric Elements to Form Periodic Structures

Impact of Supersonic Flow in Scintillator Detector Apertures on the Resulting Pumping Effect of the Vacuum Chambers

Comparative Analysis of Supersonic Flow in Atmospheric and Low Pressure in the Region of Shock Waves Creation for Electron Microscopy

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