An interface-free integrative graphitic carbon network film with defective and S/O-Codoped hollow units for voltage-stable, Ultra-fast and long-life potassium ion storage

Preferential Pyrolysis Construction of Carbon Anodes with 8400 h Lifespan for High‐Energy‐Density K‐ion Batteries

“…d) Cycling performance of the MSTC900 anode over 14 000 cycles (8400 h) at 0.8 A g −1 . e) Cycling performance and corresponding capacity retention of MSTC900 comparing with recently published carbon anodes for potassium‐ion batteries [29–52] . f) Logarithm relationship between the scan rates and the peak current densities.…”

Intrinsic carbon structure modification overcomes the challenge of potassium bond chemistry

“…For example, Li and colleagues used Ar/H 2 S plasma-enhanced etching and the doping process to prepare a defective and S/O co-doped graphitic carbon network (ED-IGCN). 169 The as-prepared ED-IGCN exhibited superior structural advantages as follows (Fig. 14c): (i) a fast integrative conductive network was provided by the interface-free network interconnected with sp 2 bonds, which accelerated the ion/electron transferring greatly; (ii) the ion diffusion property was further enhanced by the ultra-short transport pathways induced by the hollow network with a diameter of around 10 nm and an ultrathin shell wall of B1 nm, as well as excellent accommodation of the volume change effect; (iii) additional potassiation pathways and doping sites were provided by the defective and long-range ordered carbon arrangement; (iv) the S/O co-doping enlarged the carbon interlayer space of 0.352-0.371 nm, which lowered the ion diffusion barrier.…”

“…Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH. (c) Schematic illustration of the potassiation process in ED-IGCN 169. Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V. (d) The charge density difference map of four potassium ions embedded into the O/F dual-doped porous carbon.…”

Hard carbons: potential anode materials for potassium ion batteries and their current bottleneck

“…32,33 In general, there are numerous doped heteroatoms in the hard carbon structure, especially C-O-C bonds, which are the key to the existence of abundant defects. 34 For energy storage, these defects allow it to exceed the theoretical capacity of graphite. 35,36 However, this discontinuous structure, to a certain extent, can block the conductive network, hindering the speed of electronic transmission (Fig.…”