An intercomparison of continuous flow, and automatically segmenting rainwater collection methods for determining precipitation conductivity and pH

Laquer, Frederic C.

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(90)90323-f

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Except where indicated, linear regression relationships were calculated using the reduced major axis (RMA) method 18 which, in contrast to linear least-squares regression, does not assume that the independent variable is error free. Regressions were calculated with no a priori assumption of a zero intercept.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of five PM10 monitoring devices and the implications for exposure measurement in epidemiological research

Heal

Beverland

McCabe

et al. 2000

J. Environ. Monitor.

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Five different instruments for the determination of the mass concentration of PM 10 in air were compared sideby-side for up to 33 days in an undisturbed indoor environment: a tripod mounted BGI Inc. PQ100 gravimetric sampler with a US EPA certi®ed Graseby Andersen PM 10 inlet; an Airmetrics Minivol static gravimetric sampler; a Casella cyclone gravimetric personal sampler; an Institute of Occupational Medicine gravimetric PM 10 personal sampler; and two TSI Inc. Dustrak real-time optical scattering personal samplers. For 24 h sampling of ambient PM 10 concentrations around 10 mg m 23 , the estimated measurement uncertainty for the two gravimetric personal samplers was larger (y¡20%) compared with estimated measurement uncertainty for the PQ100/Graseby Andersen sampler (v¡5%). Measurement uncertainty for the Dustraks was lower (y¡15% on average) but calibration of the optical response against a reference PM 10 method is essential since the Dustraks systematically over-read PM 10 determined gravimetrically by a factor y2.2. However, once calibrated, the Dustrak devices demonstrated excellent functionality in terms of ease of portability and real-time data acquisition. Estimated measurement uncertainty for PM 10 concentrations determined with the Minivol were ¡5%. The Minivol data correlated well with PQ100/Graseby Andersen data (r~0.97, n~18) but were, on average, 23% greater. The reason for the systematic discrepancy could not be traced. Intercomparison experiments such as these are essential for assessing measurement error and revealing systematic bias. Application of two Dustraks demonstrated the spatial and temporal variability of exposure to PM 10 in different walking and transport microenvironments in the city of Edinburgh, UK. For example, very large exposures to PM 10 were identi®ed for the lower deck of a double-decker tour bus compared with the open upper deck of the same vehicle. The variability observed emphasises the need to determine truly personal exposure pro®les of PM 10 for quantifying exposure±response relationships for epidemiological studies.

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of five PM10 monitoring devices and the implications for exposure measurement in epidemiological research

Heal

Beverland

McCabe

et al. 2000

J. Environ. Monitor.

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“…Within precipitation samples, conductivity ranges from 5 to 1000 microsiemens/cm (Garivait 2004). The lowest conductivity readings have been observed at the highest rainfall rates (Laquer 1990). Conductivity varies with the sample temperature and is proportional to the concentration and the species of free ions present in the sample (Garivait 2004).…”

Section: Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Study Comparing Precipitation Quality Between Nominal Land Uses in Portland, Oregon

Sullivan¹

2005

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the precipitation quality in various land use categories throughout Portland. Because of its significance in the removal of atmospheric pollutants, wet deposition is an important component to study (Rocha et al. 2003). In addition to its significant role in cleansing the atmosphere, wet deposition can have a direct impact on the ecosystem due to its potential pollutant load (Khare et al. 2004). Various land uses may provide different emission sources, each uniquely affecting the composition of the atmosphere. A literature review found few studies comparing precipitation quality between local land uses within an urban area. Wet deposition studies seem to be fairly limited in the western United States, specifically in the Pacific Northwest. By collecting wet deposition in four different land uses: industrial, commercial, residential, and open space, precipitation quality is compared between each land use using a chosen group of analytes (ammonia, total phosphorus, copper, lead, mercury, zinc, pH, and conductivity). Significant differences were found between a number of land use category pairs for each of the eight analytes, except pH and conductivity. In order to give more insight into the precipitation quality, the results were also analyzed for differences between sites within each land use and differences between storm events. Differences were found between a number of sites, suggesting local effects in precipitation quality throughout Portland. Differences were also found between events, suggesting the importance of meteorological characteristics.

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Techniques for pollution monitoring in remote sites: III. Near real-time monitoring of cloud water conductivity and pH

Hemmerlein

Perkins

1993

Water Air Soil Pollut

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An intercomparison of continuous flow, and automatically segmenting rainwater collection methods for determining precipitation conductivity and pH

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Intercomparison of five PM10 monitoring devices and the implications for exposure measurement in epidemiological research

Intercomparison of five PM10 monitoring devices and the implications for exposure measurement in epidemiological research

Preliminary Study Comparing Precipitation Quality Between Nominal Land Uses in Portland, Oregon

Techniques for pollution monitoring in remote sites: III. Near real-time monitoring of cloud water conductivity and pH

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