An Interbehavioral Analysis of Several Aspects of Stuttering

The modification of stuttering through non-reinforcement.

“…Within a learning approach to stuttering, there are of course many possibilities other than those related above. For instance, stuttering could be investigated (i) in terms of the effect of non-reinforcement on the stuttering response; (2) as conflict behavior; (3) in terms of the functioning of preparatory sets or expectancies; (4) in terms of the fractional anticipatory goal response; (5) in terms of maladaptive anticipatory startle responses involved; (6) in terms of the role of configurations or disorders of perceptual organization; (7) in terms of alteration of the stuttering pattern-the acquisition and dropping out of specific movements within the stuttering response; (8) in terms of the cues which determine the form of the stuttering block and the moment of its release; (9) in terms of a possible decrease in the discriminability of instrumental acts under increased motivation. It can thus be seen that the selection of the present problem is arbitrary-others could have been employed within a learning approach.…”

Stuttering behavior and anxiety as a function of the duration of stimulus words.

“…Studies of the physiological correlates of stuttering behavior have been concerned with (a) comparison of biochemical and physiological characteristics of stutterers and normal speakers; (b) determination of the influence of systemic physiological conditions upon stuttering behavior; and of primary importance herein (c) measurement of physiological states prior to and/or concomitant with overt verbalization. 4 8 Hill (32) has suggested the importance of temporal factors. Additional hypotheses concerning the role of temporal characteristics of word and passage presentation have been advanced by Wischner (72).…”

Language and psycholinguistics: a review.

“…Parenthetically, it may be mentioned that investigations of stuttering have been reviewed by Travis (177), Solomon (164), Johnson et al, (96), Hahn (69) and more recently by Hill (78). Weisenburg and McBride (187) offer both a review of the literature and experimental investigations of aphasia, and Montagu (127) and Whitaker (191) have summarized work in the field of lip reading.…”