An Interactive Behavior Index and Verbal Content Analysis

Dependency in psychotherapy: Toward an integrated treatment approach.

“…Murray’s (1954, 1956) content analyses of therapist and patient verbalizations during psychotherapy sessions, and Winder, Ahmad, Bandura, and Rau’s (1962) study of therapists’ unintentional reinforcement of dependent behavior in psychotherapy were among the most important early efforts in this area. Dollard and Auld’s (1959) conceptualization of dependency as an acquired drive led to several noteworthy studies examining these issues (e.g., Snyder, 1963; White, Fichtenbaum, & Dollard, 1968). Interestingly, many of the ideas and findings described by Winder et al (1962), White et al (1968) and others echoed Fairbairn’s (1952) recognition that the patient’s dependency on the therapist can be an important factor in promoting therapeutic change.…”

“…Dollard and Auld’s (1959) conceptualization of dependency as an acquired drive led to several noteworthy studies examining these issues (e.g., Snyder, 1963; White, Fichtenbaum, & Dollard, 1968). Interestingly, many of the ideas and findings described by Winder et al (1962), White et al (1968) and others echoed Fairbairn’s (1952) recognition that the patient’s dependency on the therapist can be an important factor in promoting therapeutic change. See also Balint (1964) and Dollard and Miller (1950) for detailed discussions of this issue.…”