An Interactionist Perspective on the Socioeconomic Context of Human Development

Abstract

This article addresses the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), family processes, and human development. The topic is framed as part of the general issue of health disparities, which involves the oft-observed positive relationship between SES and the cognitive, social, emotional, and physical well-being of adults and children. A review of recent research and theory identifies three general theoretical approaches that provide possible explanations for the association between SES and individual development: the social causation, social selection, and interactionist perspectives. Empirical evidence demonstrates support for the social causation view that SES affects families and the development of children in terms of both family stress processes (the family stress model) and family investments in children (the family investment model). However, there also is empirical support for the social selection argument that individual characteristics lead to differences in SES. Especially important, recent research is consistent with an interactionist approach, which proposes a dynamic relationship between SES and developmental change over time. Drawing on the combined set of research findings, the article concludes with the description of an interactionist model that serves as a heuristic for future studies of the links among SES, parenting behaviors, and child development.

The buffering effect of family functioning on the psychological consequences of headache

“…As some research indicated (e.g. Anderson, Brackett, Ho, & Laffel, 1999;Conger & Donnellan, 2007), families' illness-related interactions significantly influence patient outcomes. Despite these limitations, our findings raise a number of new questions.…”

Genetic and environmental influences on internalizing psychopathology vary as a function of economic status

“…This type of research focuses on identifying those in the population most vulnerable to environmental stressors. There is a long history of research investigating the impact of one important risk factor, socioeconomic status (SES), on human development (for a recent review, see Conger & Donnellan, 2007), including physical, emotional and behavioral disorders (McLeod & Shanahan, 1996 ;Berkman & Kawachi, 2000 ;Bradley & Corwyn, 2002). In particular, SES has often been posited to be a risk factor for mental illness.…”

Socioeconomic gradients in child development in very young children: Evidence from India, Indonesia, Peru, and Senegal

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