An intensive, large-scale batch culture system to produce the calanoid copepod, Acartia tonsa

Sarkisian, Brie L.; Lemus, Jason T.; Apeitos, Angelos; Blaylock, Reginald B.; Saillant, Eric

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.11.042

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…van der Meeren et al, 2014) and Denmark (Engell‐Sørensen et al, 2004; Blanda et al, 2016; Hansen et al, 2016; Jepsen et al, 2017). Intensive indoor copepod rearing systems are implemented in, for example, USA (Sarkisian et al, 2019) and most likely both extensive and intensive copepod production systems exists several other places we do not know about. However, lack of a true widespread high volume use of copepods compared to the traditional live feed organisms in the industry hitherto would most likely cause less awareness at conferences and fairs and vice versa .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: A bibliometric survey of live feed for marine finfish and shrimp larval production

Hansen

Møller

2021

Aquaculture Research

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Aquaculture is one of the fastest developing food production sectors worldwide with an overall 5.8% of annual increase during the period from 2000 to 2016 (FAO, 2018). However, increasing the output of marine fish has proven difficult over the years as appropriate access to high quality live feed, for example, copepods is one of the primary bottlenecks in developing marine finfish production (e.g.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: A bibliometric survey of live feed for marine finfish and shrimp larval production

Hansen

Møller

2021

Aquaculture Research

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“…Copepods have the right size, behavior, and biochemical profile to sustain fish larvae; and they enable far better survival, reduce outbreaks of abnormalities, and maintain original wild-type pigmentation, all crucial for the fastest-growing food industry on Earth-aquaculture (Drillet et al, 2011a). Copepods and their eggs can be massproduced, even with room for profit (Støttrup et al, 1986;Abate et al, 2015;Sarkisian et al, 2019). Since copepods are fragile organisms, their eggs in quiescence are the only way to store and transport the organisms from producers to hatcheries (Drillet et al, 2006a).…”

Section: Future Perspectives and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copepod Embryonic Dormancy: “An Egg Is Not Just an Egg”

Hansen

2019

The Biological Bulletin

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Long-lasting embryonic dormancy in invertebrates defies our understanding of what constitutes life because, for example, eggs of some copepods can delay hatching for decades or even centuries. Copepods, often millimeter-sized crustaceans, are some of the most numerous multicellular organisms on earth and are key organisms in most aquatic food webs. Some important free-living marine and estuarine species overwinter or oversummer by arrested embryogenesis in dormancy. The present contribution discusses the complex mechanisms behind embryonic dormancy by compiling knowledge from the 42 calanoid copepods from the superfamily Centropagoidea with well-described embryonic dormancy, which has been of scientific interest for decades. However, the determination of categories of copepod resting eggs-that is, diapause and quiescence, transitions between categories, the mechanisms controlling arrested development by the embryos, and how they interact with their surroundings-is not fully understood. Moreover, a clear link between the presence of the free-swimming population and their resting eggs in sediments is still not convincingly demonstrated. Here I evaluate the relative significance of potential cues driving the production of and the phase shift between egg categories. Understanding the initiation and termination of embryonic dormancy is of great importance for fundamental science-that is, population and food web ecology as well as climate science, aquaculture live feed, and ballast water research. Molecular techniques are developing rapidly, especially within health sciences, thus providing relevant tools applicable for plankton research. Here I suggest that applying molecular methods in addition to traditional physiological approaches in future research will lead to greater understanding of copepod embryonic dormancy, one of nature's wonders.

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“…Although Artemia eggs obtained from natural ponds, copepod eggs produced by various companies and rotifers produced on-site are used in hatcheries 17 , mass and controlled production of zooplankton has not yet been achieved. Attempts at small or medium scale have been reported, such as with the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus and the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa in batch culture 18 , 19 , with Artemia in a flow-through system 20 , or with the harpacticoid copepod Amphiascoides atopus in a recirculated system 21 . Nevertheless, production scales achieved or continuity are still insufficient to help replace forage fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensive production of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus in a zero-effluent ‘green water’ bioreactor

Prado-Cabrero¹,

Herena-Garcia²,

Nolan³

2022

Sci Rep

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Aquaculture is looking for substitutes for fishmeal and fish oil to maintain its continued growth. Zooplankton is the most nutritious option, but its controlled mass production has not yet been achieved. In this context, we have developed a monoalgal ‘green water’ closed-loop bioreactor with the microalgae Tetraselmis chui that continuously produced the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus. During 145 days of operation, the 2.2 m3 bioreactor produced 3.9 kg (wet weight) of Tigriopus with (dry weight) 0.79 ± 0.29% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 0.82 ± 0.26% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 1.89 ± 0,60% 3S,3’S-astaxanthin and an essential amino acid index (EAAI) of 97% for juvenile Atlantic salmon. The reactor kept the pH stable over the operation time (pH 8.81 ± 0.40 in the algae phase and pH 8.22 ± 2.96 in the zooplankton phase), while constantly removed nitrate (322.6 mg L−1) and phosphate (20.4 mg L−1) from the water. As a result of the stable pH and nutrient removal, the bioreactor achieved zero effluent discharges. The upscaling of monoalgal, closed-loop ‘green water’ bioreactors could help standardize zooplankton mass production to supply the aquafeeds industry.

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An intensive, large-scale batch culture system to produce the calanoid copepod, Acartia tonsa

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Review: A bibliometric survey of live feed for marine finfish and shrimp larval production

Review: A bibliometric survey of live feed for marine finfish and shrimp larval production

Copepod Embryonic Dormancy: “An Egg Is Not Just an Egg”

Intensive production of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus in a zero-effluent ‘green water’ bioreactor

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