An intelligent superhydrophobic absorbent with electrothermal conversion performance for effective high-viscosity oil removal and oil–water separation

Zhu, Xuedan; Pang, Yajie; He, Jiaqing; Wu, Yaxin; Ge, Jianwei; Shen, Lei; Yang, Jie; Qu, Mengnan

doi:10.1007/s10853-022-07805-5

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Certain researchers advocate utilizing electric heating rods as the energy source and optimizing heat transfer structure to achieve an ideal thermal state in the flow. This approach has emerged as the primary focus in the current design of heaters [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Heat Transfer Simulation of Oil Shale Large-Size Downhole Heater

Bu,

Li,

2024

Applied Sciences

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Downhole heaters are critical for effectively achieving in situ oil shale cracking. In this study, we simulate the heat transfer performance of a large-scale helical baffle downhole heater under various operational conditions. The findings indicate that at 160 m3/h and 6 kW the outlet temperature can reach 280 °C. Controlling heating power or increasing the injected gas flow effectively mitigates heat accumulation on the heating rod’s surface. The outlet temperature curve exhibits two phases. Simultaneously, a balance in energy exchange between the injected gas and heating power occurs, mitigating high-temperature hotspots. Consequently, the outlet temperature cannot attain the theoretical maximum temperature, referred to as the actual maximum temperature. Employing h/∆p13 as the indicator to evaluate heat transfer performance, optimal performance occurs at 100 m3/h. Heat transfer performance at 200 m3/h is significantly impacted by heating power, with the former being approximately 6% superior to the latter. Additionally, heat transfer performance is most stable below 160 m3/h. The gas heating process is categorized into three stages based on temperature distribution characteristics within the heater: rapid warming, stable warming, and excessive heating. The simulation findings suggest that the large-size heater can inject a higher flow rate of heat-carrying gas into the subsurface, enabling efficient oil shale in situ cracking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%