An intelligent, adaptive, performance‐sensitive, and virtual reality‐based gaming platform for the upper limb

Abstract

Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability, characterized by a spectrum of muscle weakness and movement abnormalities related to the upper limb. About 80% of individuals who had a stroke suffer from upper limb dysfunction. Conventional rehabilitation aims to improve one's ability to use paralyzed limbs through repetitive exercise under one‐on‐one supervision by physiotherapists. This poses difficulty given the limited availability of healthcare resources and the high cost of availing specialized services at healthcare centers, particularly in developing countries like India. Thus, the design of cost‐effective, home‐based, and technology‐assisted individualized rehabilitation platform that can deliver real‐time feedback on one's skill progress is critical. This paper describes the design of a novel, multimodal, virtual reality (VR)‐based, and performance‐sensitive exercise platform that can intelligently adapt its task presentation to one's performance. Here, we aim to address unilateral shoulder abduction and adduction that are essential for the performance of daily living activities. We designed an experimental study in which six individuals who had chronic stroke (post‐stroke period: >6 months) participated. While they interacted with our VR‐based tasks, we recorded their physiological signals in a synchronized manner. Preliminary results indicate the potential of our VR‐based, adaptive individualized system in the performance of individuals who had a stroke suffering from upper limb movement disorders.

Neural substrates of Motor Learning Strategies in Stroke

“…This novel, multimodal and performance-sensitive exercise platform was experimented on 10 chronic stroke (>6 months) patients on unilateral shoulder abduction and adduction that are essential for the performance of daily living activities. The device resulted in greater accuracy and precision in hand activities and shoulder movements in stroke (p<0.05) [30,31].…”

“…fMRI and DTI have been a boon to understand the functional and structural recovery post stroke. The experience and environment rich plasticity has been well elucidated in research trials [8,9,31]. In another interesting research, we conducted fMRI analysis trial on functional imaging and effects of physiotherapy on diffusion tensor imaging at baseline, pre and post physiotherapy (8 weeks).…”

Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Film and Television Animation Based on Artificial Intelligence Background

“…In terms of exploration in the field of home medical devices, Dhiman et al considered the utilization of VR technology in the design of home medical devices on the basis of finding that stroke causes adult disability, to research and design a novel, multimodal, VR-based, and performance-sensitive rehabilitation training platform. A low-cost, family-oriented, and personalized medical rehabilitation platform was created, which made an important contribution to the development of the medical industry [11]. In the field of classroom education and teaching, Lamb et al studied the emerging teaching methods based on the implementation of the Next Generation Science Standard (NGSS).…”

Electronic Science Games Used to Enhance Cognitive Ability: Opinion of Design From Personalization and Adaptation

“…From the perspective of personalization, some researchers allow game players to choose roles, scenes or personalized cognitive training tasks according to their own preferences to achieve personalized game design (Reategui et al, 2006 ; Wei, 2009 ; Hollingdale and Greitemeyer, 2013 ; Lin et al, 2013 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Nagle et al, 2016 ; Orji et al, 2017 ; Orji and Moffatt, 2018 ; Soares et al, 2018 ; Waltemate et al, 2018 ; Zibrek et al, 2018 ; González et al, 2019 ; Knutas et al, 2019 ; Troussas et al, 2019 ). There are also some researchers from the adaptive point of view, by dynamically changing the parameters in the game, automatically adapting to the player's game difficulty, dynamically generating new content and other methods to achieve the adaptive design of the game (Carro et al, 2002 ; Hunicke, 2005 ; Togelius et al, 2010 ; Johnson et al, 2014 ; Li et al, 2014 ; Yannakakis and Togelius, 2015 ; Shaker et al, 2016 ; Schadenberg et al, 2017 ; Soler-Dominguez et al, 2017 ; Ashish et al, 2018 ; Lopes et al, 2018 ; Shi and Chen, 2018 ; Souza et al, 2018 ; Denisova and Cairns, 2019 ; Dey et al, 2019 ; Hendrix et al, 2019 ; Liang et al, 2019 ; Pan et al, 2019 ; Papadimitriou et al, 2019 ; Peng et al, 2019 ; Plass et al, 2019 ; Sepulveda et al, 2019 ). Relevant research showed that adding personalized design to electronic science games for improving cognitive abilities could enhance the cognitive training experience of gamers, stimulate their interest in cognitive training, and better enhance the training experience and cognition ability of gamers (Reategui et al, 2006 ; Wei, 2009 ; Hollingdale and Greitemeyer, 2013 ; Lin et al, 2013 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Nagle et al, 2016 ; Orji et al, 2017 ; Orji and Moffatt, 2018 ; Soares et al, 2018 ; Waltemate et al, 2018 ; Zibrek et al, 2018 ; González et al,…”

“…There are also some researchers from the adaptive point of view, by dynamically changing the parameters in the game, automatically adapting to the player's game difficulty, dynamically generating new content and other methods to achieve the adaptive design of the game (Carro et al, 2002 ; Hunicke, 2005 ; Togelius et al, 2010 ; Johnson et al, 2014 ; Li et al, 2014 ; Yannakakis and Togelius, 2015 ; Shaker et al, 2016 ; Schadenberg et al, 2017 ; Soler-Dominguez et al, 2017 ; Ashish et al, 2018 ; Lopes et al, 2018 ; Shi and Chen, 2018 ; Souza et al, 2018 ; Denisova and Cairns, 2019 ; Dey et al, 2019 ; Hendrix et al, 2019 ; Liang et al, 2019 ; Pan et al, 2019 ; Papadimitriou et al, 2019 ; Peng et al, 2019 ; Plass et al, 2019 ; Sepulveda et al, 2019 ). Relevant research showed that adding personalized design to electronic science games for improving cognitive abilities could enhance the cognitive training experience of gamers, stimulate their interest in cognitive training, and better enhance the training experience and cognition ability of gamers (Reategui et al, 2006 ; Wei, 2009 ; Hollingdale and Greitemeyer, 2013 ; Lin et al, 2013 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Nagle et al, 2016 ; Orji et al, 2017 ; Orji and Moffatt, 2018 ; Soares et al, 2018 ; Waltemate et al, 2018 ; Zibrek et al, 2018 ; González et al, 2019 ; Knutas et al, 2019 ; Troussas et al, 2019 ); adding adaptive design to electronic science games used to improve cognitive ability, which can match the player's level with the difficulty of the game, so that gamers can obtain the best training effect (Carro et al, 2002 ; Hunicke, 2005 ; Togelius et al, 2010 ; Johnson et al, 2014 ; Li et al, 2014 ; Yannakakis and Togelius, 2015 ; Shaker et al, 2016 ; Schadenberg et al, 2017 ; Soler-Dominguez et al, 2017 ; Ashish et al, 2018 ; Lopes et al, 2018 ; Shi and Chen,…”