An integrative toxicogenomic analysis of plastic additives

Surgical face masks as a source of emergent pollutants in aquatic systems: Analysis of their degradation product effects in Danio rerio through RNA-Seq.

“…Moreover, some of the enzymes involved in sterol biosynthesis (cytochrome P450 enzymes) have a role in xenobiotic metabolism ( Esteves et al, 2021 , Lepesheva et al, 2008 , Stravoravdis et al, 2021 ). Previous works have reported specific plastic additives as plasticizers, flame retardants and biocides as endocrine disrupters that mimic natural steroid hormones ( Howdeshell et al, 2007 , Sendra et al, 2020 ), which could also be a reasonable explanation for the modulation of genes involved in steroid biosynthesis by PDM treatment. Interestingly, although endocrine disruptors can interfere with the synthesis and activity of sex steroid hormones and, consequently, lead to reproductive disorders at different levels ( Tyler et al, 1998 ), the treatment showing the lowest alteration of genes involved in steroid biosynthesis (HDM) was the same, inducing the highest effect on reproduction-related genes.…”

“…In mammals, most of the abovementioned proteins are produced in reproductive organs; however, in teleosts and in many other oviparous vertebrates, the major constituents of the eggs are synthesised in the liver and transported to the oocyte for uptake ( Arukwe and Goksøyr, 2003 ). The liver is the main organ for detoxification of xenobiotics; therefore, damage to this organ due to face masks with plastic additives as endocrine disruptors ( Sendra, et al, 2020 ) could provoke impairments in reproductive, metabolic and signalling processes ( Qiao et al, 2016 ), as observed in the transcriptome of zebrafish larvae exposed to PDM and HDM treatments. The potential impairment of reproduction by face mask products could include effects at the individual but also at the population level, since fertility or reproductive success can compromise the population ( Mathieu-Denoncourt et al, 2015 ).…”

Crack Patterns of Environmental Plastic Fragments

“…In most plastic production processes, additives are added to the products to modify their properties and meet the requirements for a variety of performances. − Some of these chemicals are sensitive to environmental stress (e.g., UV, heat, and mechanical damage), but the others remain stable for a long time. Regardless of their origins, additives can be released from the plastics matrix if natural exposure is prolonged.…”

Oxidative stress is involved in the activation of NF-κB signal pathway and immune inflammatory response in grass carp gill induced by cypermethrin and/or sulfamethoxazole

“…The selected genes were enriched and analyzed by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto gene and genome encyclopedia (KEGG), Metascape (http://metascape.org/gp/index.html#/main/step1). According to the reference (Sendra, et al, 2021), the GO results were divided into three categories according to biological process (BP), cellular component (CC) and molecular functional (MF).…”