An integrative theory of intergroup contact

Psychological Perspective Theories of Harmony of Ethno-Religious Group Relation

“…Ignorance, misunderstanding, categorization, and competition increase the stereotypes and negative perceptions between groups [18]. On the other hand, mutual understanding and cooperative cooperation can reduce biases between groups.…”

Conflict Transformation and History Teaching: Social Psychological Theory and Its Contributions

“…9). This is only expected from the social psychological and wellestablished paradigm of prejudice reduction through intergroup contact (Allport 1954;Brown and Hewstone 2005;Tausch et al 2010) given its potential to deconstruct negative stereotypes, facilitate perspective taking and forgiveness, reduce threat and intergroup anxiety, and more importantly build trust.…”

“…Some of the collective action theorists even went as far as to argue that the promotion of strategies for emancipatory action to end structural inequalities against the oppressed minorities is incompatible with the promotion of co-operative relations between the groups and the well-established paradigm of prejudice reduction through intergroup contact (Brown and Hewstone 2005) because prejudice reduction interventions might be working towards regimenting a structural inequality in society by reconciling the weak group with an unfavourable for them status quo (Dixon et al 2012). Indeed the same mediators of prejudice reduction and reconciliation through intergroup contact (threats, intergroup anxiety, stereotyping) (Stephan et al 2009) could be used in the reverse direction in the collective action paradigm to enhance solidarity and cohesion within the dominated group, facilitating sacrifices (even giving one's life for the ingroup).…”

The dynamics of interminority extended contact: The role of affective and cognitive mediators.

“…First, the observation of or knowledge about an intergroup interaction elicits less intergroup anxiety (i.e., the feelings of uneasiness during intergroup interactions; Stephan, 2014) than a direct intergroup experience. Second, salience of intergroup categories, which facilitates the generalization of contact effects from encountered outgroup members to the whole outgroup (Brown & Hewstone, 2005), is likely to be higher for an external observer than for the actors involved in the contact situation, who are focused on interpersonal characteristics. Third, a single cross-group friendship or positive intergroup relation can be observed by many people, allowing extended contact to reduce prejudice on a larger scale than direct contact.…”

“…Outgroup empathy (e.g., Brown & Hewstone, 2005;Pettigrew & Tropp, 2008) and outgroup trust (e.g., Kenworthy et al, 2015) have been identified as key mediators of the relationship between direct intergroup contact and reduced prejudice. Previous research has also shown that both outgroup empathy and outgroup trust mediate the relationship between extended contact and various outgroup perceptions and attitudes.…”