An integrative assessment of brain and body function ‘at rest’ in panic disorder: A combined quantitative EEG/autonomic function study

Decreased cardiac vagal control in drug‐naive patients with panic disorder: A case‐control study in Taiwan

“…Investigations concerning resting HRV in PD have revealed inconsistent results. For example, some studies found reduced HRV in PD patients but not in controls (Yeragani et al ., ; Middleton and Ashby, ; Garakani et al ., ; Wise et al ., ). While other studies reported no differences in resting HRV between PD patients and controls (Ito et al ., ; Kikuchi et al ., ).…”

Frontal cortex absolute beta power measurement in Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia patients

“…Despite the few studies, the alpha band decreased activity and the beta band increased activity have been a pattern for PD patients (Wiedemann et al, 1998;Gordeev, 2008;Wise et al, 2011). The alpha band (8-13 Hz) reflects top-down, inhibitory control processes.…”

Heart rate and respiratory response to doxapram in patients with panic disorder

“…Many studies have reported cardiac differences between PD patients and HC characterized by increased resting heart rate (Larsen et al, 1998; Wilkinson et al, 1998; Friedman and Thayer, 1998; Cohen et al, 2000; Cuthbert et al, 2003; Blechert et al, 2007; Garakani et al, 2009; Martinez et al, 2010, Wise et al, 2011), and decreased heart rate variability (HRV) (Friedman and Thayer, 1998; Sloan et al, 1999; Cohen et al, 2000; Gorman and Sloan, 2000; McCraty et al, 2001; Yeragani et al, 1993; 1998; 2003; Garakani et al, 2009; Melzig et al, 2009; Wise et al, 2011; Hovland et al, 2012). Decreased HRV is a risk factor for increased mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (Kleiger et al, 1987; Bigger et al, 1992a; 1992b; Tsuji et al, 1996; Liao et al, 1997; La Rovere et al, 1998; Gerritsen et al, 2001; Camm et al, 2004), and has been proposed as a marker for cardiac disease (Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology, 1996).…”