An integrative approach to species discrimination in the <i>Eupelmus urozonus</i> complex (<scp>H</scp>ymenoptera, <scp>E</scp>upelmidae), with the description of 11 new species from the <scp>W</scp>estern <scp>P</scp>alaearctic

Khatib, Fadel Al; Fusu, Lucian; Cruaud, Astrid; Gibson, Gary A. P.; Borowiec, Nicolas; Rasplus, Jean‐Yves; Ris, Nicolas; Delvare, Gérard

doi:10.1111/syen.12089

Cited by 60 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…From our point of view, this demonstrates that molecular markers cannot always be used alone to delimit species, but instead should be complemented with ecological and morphological data (Tan et al ., ). Genetically described cryptic species nevertheless provide a framework for more exhaustive morphological examination of the specimens to develop diagnostic characters (Baur et al ., ; Al Khatib et al ., ). Such an integrative taxonomic approach will be very powerful in disentangling the cryptic and functional diversity among Aphidiinae if combined with laboratory experiments, such as crossing between putative cryptic species or host acceptance, to confirm the host specialization suggested here (for aphid species that can be reared in the laboratory).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Are generalist Aphidiinae (Hym. Braconidae) mostly cryptic species complexes?

Derocles

Plantegenest

Rasplus

et al. 2015

Systematic Entomology

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Aphidiinae are mostly composed of specialist parasitoids and the few species described as generalist are suspected to be composed of cryptic specialists, almost indistinguishable based on morphological characteristics. The use of molecular markers has proven to be a useful tool for revealing cryptic species complexes and here we use seven mitochondrial and nuclear gene fragments to study possible genetic differentiation among seven Aphidiinae generalists. Maximum likelihood (ML) trees and Bayesian Poisson tree processes (bPTP) models were conducted on each gene separately and on the seven genes together. The standard cytochrome c oxidase I barcode region appeared to be the most polymorphic and probably the best marker to reveal putative cryptic species. However, we showed with ML trees and bPTP models that a complementary use of mitochondrial and nuclear genes was the most relevant approach to reliably identify cryptic genetic clades in the Aphidiinae. Overall, most of the analysed generalist morphospecies were shown to be composed of subgroups related to the aphid host, some of them revealed as cryptic species by the species delimitation analysis. Further studies are needed to reveal the generality of this result in Aphidiinae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Are generalist Aphidiinae (Hym. Braconidae) mostly cryptic species complexes?

Derocles

Plantegenest

Rasplus

et al. 2015

Systematic Entomology

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“…Given the lack of dichotomous keys for separating T. flavipes , the possible existence of cryptic species in this taxa and the genus Eupelmus , as well as the recent revision of Palaearctic species by Al Khatib et al . (), analyses were performed based on aggregated data at the genus level for Eupelmus spp. and at the morphospecies level for T. flavipes .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11.10, 11.95 and 12.56 ∘ C for pupae, pharate adults and emerged adults, respectively). These values were used to calculate the degree-days with Eqn (1) a Molecular data demonstrated that this was a complex comprising at least two different species (Kaartinen, et al, 2010;Al Khatib et al, 2014). Ha, high altitude; La, low altitude.…”

Section: Phenology Model and Emergence From Gallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental thermal levels affect the phenological relationships between the chestnut gall wasp and its parasitoids

2019

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Studies of thermal level‐related asynchrony in a host–parasitoid relationship are necessary to understand the effects of climate change on new host–parasitoid interactions. In the Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and its Chalcidoidea parasitoids, phenological synchrony is assumed to be weather‐dependent in a new area of expansion. To evaluate the effects of environmental thermal regimes on the host, a phenology model for different cynipid stages (larvae, pupae, adults, and adult emergence) and a host–parasitoid phenological estimator are developed in three chestnut fields during two successive growth seasons and subsequently validated in areas with chestnut fields at two different altitudes. Comparisons of the timings of the juvenile and adult stages with those of the parasitoid complex demonstrate that the shortest period of occurrence for cynipids within galls has negative effects on the host–parasitoid relationships at higher temperature levels, thereby increasing phenological asynchrony for some parasitoids species. Reducing the development time of pupae and adults decreases the likelihood of success for some parasitoid species at higher temperature levels. We also record the extension of the gall wasp development time (approximately 15 days) at higher altitudes (linked to a lower mean temperature of approximately 1.5 °C). These results highlight how parasitization on the new hosts is dependent on the host phenology and, in the present study, is limited by the short duration of the presence of the host in galls, which could explain the considerable differences in cynipid gall wasp parasitization recorded at different altimeters.

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“…Statements, such as “smaller specimens can be very difficult, if not impossible, to identify correctly because the morphology of typical specimens is not expressed” (Al Khatib et al, 2014: p. 809) and “in smaller specimens, the characters are subdued” (Smith, 2012: p. 215) are common in taxonomic descriptions and often refer cuticular specializations, such as carinae or grooves. Despite the importance of allometric reductions, developmental causes of these phenomena have never been revealed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MalagasyConostigmus(Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea) and the secret of scutes

István

Trietsch

Sandall

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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We revise the genus Conostigmus Dahlbom 1858 occurring in Madagascar, based on data from more specimens than were examined for the latest world revision of the genus. Our results yield new information about intraspecific variability and the nature of the atypical latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) observed in Ceraphronoidea. We also investigate cellular processes that underlie body size polyphenism, by utilizing the correspondence between epidermal cells and scutes, polygonal units of leather-like microsculpture. Our results reveal that body size polyphenism in Megaspilidae is most likely related to cell number and not cell size variation, and that cell size differs between epithelial fields of the head and that of the mesosoma. Three species, Conostigmus ballescoracas Dessart, 1997, C. babaiax Dessart, 1996 and C. longulus Dessart, 1997, are redescribed. Females of C. longulus are described for the first time, as are nine new species: C. bucephalus Mikó and Trietsch sp. nov., C. clavatus Mikó and Trietsch sp. nov., C. fianarantsoaensis Mikó and Trietsch sp. nov., C. lucidus Mikó and Trietsch sp. nov., C. macrocupula, Mikó and Trietsch sp. nov., C. madagascariensis Mikó and Trietsch sp. nov., C. missyhazenae Mikó and Trietsch sp. nov., C. pseudobabaiax Mikó and Trietsch sp. nov., and C. toliaraensis Mikó and Trietsch sp. nov. A fully illustrated identification key for Malagasy Conostigmus species and a Web Ontology Language (OWL) representation of the taxonomic treatment, including specimen data, nomenclature, and phenotype descriptions, in both natural and formal languages, are provided.

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An integrative approach to species discrimination in the Eupelmus urozonus complex (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae), with the description of 11 new species from the Western Palaearctic

Cited by 60 publications

References 67 publications

Are generalist Aphidiinae (Hym. Braconidae) mostly cryptic species complexes?

Are generalist Aphidiinae (Hym. Braconidae) mostly cryptic species complexes?

Environmental thermal levels affect the phenological relationships between the chestnut gall wasp and its parasitoids

MalagasyConostigmus(Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea) and the secret of scutes

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