An Integrative Approach to Depression: Part 1—Etiology

Zuess, Jonathan

doi:10.1177/1076167502238382

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…For instance, 50% of individuals who experience negative life events do not report symptoms or problem behaviours associated with mood difficulties, suggesting that a substantial amount of people can either successfully navigate through or at least tolerate the burden of negative life events without significant mood impairment (Monroe & Hadjiyannakis, 2002). Findings, such as these, prompt researchers to explore psychological characteristics that alter the course and nature by which negative life events are associated with depressive outcomes (Zuess, 2003). However, the mechanisms by which individuals employ positive psychological resources to decrease the debilitative effects of negative life events and minimize depression are relatively unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Savouring and Self‐compassion as Protective Factors for Depression

et al. 2016

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Within positive psychology, researchers and clinicians vocalize the need to expand upon how the treatment for major depressive disorder is conceptualized and implemented. The impetus of the current study was to examine preliminary criteria for identifying savouring and self-compassion as protective factors for depression. Undergraduate students (N = 133) completed a series of surveys at two points in time, 5 weeks apart. Results revealed that savouring and self-compassion were inversely related to depression scores cross-sectionally and prospectively. However, savouring was the only positive psychological variable to predict changes in depression scores across time. Cross-sectionally, savouring was also found to moderate the relation between negative life events and depression, such that the strength of the relation between negative life events and depression decreased when higher savouring was present. However, this same effect was not significant prospectively. There was no evidence, cross-sectionally or prospectively, that self-compassion moderated the relation between negative life events and depression. Taken together, results provide preliminary support for savouring as a protective factor for depressive symptoms. Mental health professionals should consider teaching savouring strategies to help at-risk clients stimulate and sustain positive affect as a means of preventing and reducing depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Savouring and Self‐compassion as Protective Factors for Depression

et al. 2016

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Hope as a Moderator of Negative Life Events and Depressive Symptoms in a Diverse Sample

et al. 2012

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Depression is a significant public health problem for young adults of college age, and negative life events exacerbate risk. Not all individuals who experience negative life events, however, report depressive symptoms, perhaps owing to protective characteristics. We examined one such characteristic, trait hope, a goal-oriented construct, as a potential moderator of the association between negative life events and depressive symptoms in an ethnically diverse sample of 386 college students. In support of our hypotheses, negative life events were significantly associated with greater levels of depressive symptoms, and higher levels of hope attenuated this relationship, such that those with greater hope reported fewer depressive symptoms related to potentially traumatic events. The moderating effect of hope did not differ across ethnic groups. Our findings have implications for managing the sequelae of negative life events, including depression. Cognitive-behavioural interventions tailored to help young adults identify and attain important life goals might help to overcome psychopathology associated with life stress.

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Depression: A repair response to stress-induced neuronal microdamage that can grade into a chronic neuroinflammatory condition?

Wager-Smith

Markou

2011

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

133

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Depression is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and disability, yet it is poorly understood. Here we review data supporting a novel theoretical model for the biology of depression. In this model, a stressful life event leads to microdamage in the brain. This damage triggers an injury repair response consisting of a neuroinflammatory phase to clear cellular debris, and a spontaneous tissue regeneration phase involving neurotrophins and neurogenesis. During healing, released inflammatory mediators trigger sickness behavior and psychological pain via mechanisms similar to those that produce physical pain during wound healing. The depression remits if the neuronal injury repair process resolves successfully. Importantly, however, the acute psychological pain and neuroinflammation often transition to chronicity and develop into pathological depressive states. This hypothesis for depression explains substantially more data than alternative models, including why emerging data show that analgesic, anti-inflammatory, pro-neurogenic and pro-neurotrophic treatments have antidepressant effects. Thus, an acute depressive episode can be conceptualized as a normally self-limiting but highly error-prone process of recuperation from stress-triggered neuronal microdamage.

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An Integrative Approach to Depression: Part 1—Etiology

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Savouring and Self‐compassion as Protective Factors for Depression

Savouring and Self‐compassion as Protective Factors for Depression

Hope as a Moderator of Negative Life Events and Depressive Symptoms in a Diverse Sample

Depression: A repair response to stress-induced neuronal microdamage that can grade into a chronic neuroinflammatory condition?

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