An Integrated Weed Management framework: A pan-European perspective

Riemens, M.M.; Sønderskov, Mette; Moonen, Anna-Camilla; Storkey, Jonathan; Kudsk, Per

doi:10.1016/j.eja.2021.126443

Cited by 60 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Methods evaluated in the present study are also highly relevant within integrated weed management (IWM). By combining herbicide use with physical and cultural control strategies (e.g., interrow hoeing, preemergence tine harrowing, and the alteration of crop density and row spacing), one can delay and reduce the risk of herbicide resistance developing (Riemens et al 2022). For example, combining interrow hoeing and intrarow band spraying can effectively decrease herbicide use while maintaining crop yields (Abu-Hamdeh 2003;Loddo et al 2020).…”

Section: Additional Intrarow Weed Management Strategies In the Hoed C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving upon the interrow hoed cereal system: the effects of crop density and row spacing on intrarow weeds and crop parameters in spring barley

McCollough

Melander

2022

Weed Sci

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Automated guidance systems have advanced precise inter-row hoeing in narrowly spaced cereals. Compared to other direct mechanical strategies, hoeing provides superior weed control and improved yields. However, weeds in the uncultivated intra-row zone may survive and compete intensely with the crop, causing yield loss. Therefore, improved intra-row weed management strategies in hoed cereals must be investigated. In spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the effect of crop density was assessed at four levels (200, 300, 400, and 500 plants m−2); inter-row spacing at two levels (15 and 20 cm), relevant to the abilities of current automated equipment to hoe between narrowly spaced rows, and weed management treatment at three levels (no additional controls, herbicide, and pre-emergence tine harrowing). All treatments received inter-row hoeing, and a surrogate weed (Sinapis alba L.) was sown and monitored throughout experiments. The manipulation of crop density was a reliable method for suppressing the growth of intra-row weeds. As barley density increased from target 200 to 500 plants m−2, percent reduction in intra-row surrogate and ambient weed biomass (g m−2) increased from 49 to 82% and 53 to 99%, respectively. Increasing crop density caused a decrease in grain bulk density (kg hL−1) both years, and grain protein (%) and thousand kernel weight (g) in one year; whether these changes constitute a loss in grain quality depends upon end-use. While row spacing had no effect on intra-row weeds, crop yields were 7 to 8% less at 20 cm compared to 15 cm, incentivizing narrow row sowing. Barley yields were unaffected by increasing crop density, and the effect of pre-emergence tine harrowing was inconsistent. In one year, harrowing reduced surrogate and ambient weed biomass and increased barley yield; however, in another year, ambient weed biomass increased, and harrowing did not affect yield or surrogate weed biomass.

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Section: Additional Intrarow Weed Management Strategies In the Hoed C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving upon the interrow hoed cereal system: the effects of crop density and row spacing on intrarow weeds and crop parameters in spring barley

McCollough

Melander

2022

Weed Sci

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“…Before herbicides were developed, mechanical weeding using harrows, inter-row cultivators or mowers were widely used in farming and remain the most common alternative to herbicide use for direct weed control. They are successfully used in organic and nonorganic farming (Riemens et al 2022, Zaller 2020).…”

Section: Non-herbicide Alternatives To Paraquatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture without paraquat is feasible without loss of productivity. Lessons learned from phasing out a highly hazardous herbicide

Stuart¹,

Merfield²,

Horgan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A small proportion of the thousands of pesticides on the market today are associated with a disproportionately high incidence of severe acute pesticide poisoning and suicide. Paraquat stands out as one of the most lethal pesticides in common use, frequently involved in fatal incidents due to suicides or accidental exposure. Even though paraquat has been banned in over 67 countries, it is still widely used in many others. Based on a literature review and consultation process, this paper identifies options for replacing paraquat and distils practical lessons from numerous successes around the world. Our aim is to support regulators, policy makers, agronomists and the supply chain sector with practical information related to phasing out paraquat. Production data consistently failed to show any negative impact of banning paraquat on agricultural productivity. A wide range of alternative approaches to weed management and crop defoliation are available, many of which do not rely on herbicides. Over 1.25 million farmers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) successfully produce a range of crops for private voluntary standards (PVS) in food and fibre supply chains which prohibit paraquat use. We conclude from the findings of this study that eliminating paraquat will save lives without reducing agricultural productivity. Less hazardous and more sustainable alternatives exist. To enhance successful adoption and uptake of these methods on a wide scale, farmers require training and support within an enabling policy environment.

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“…Weed scientists have responded to these challenges by researching and promoting integrated weed management (IWM). For example, Riemens et al (2022) have designed an integrated framework for the planning and design of holistic IWM strategies (which includes appropriate use of herbicides). This is also intended to be part of integrated crop management, which includes soil, pest, disease and overall crop management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redefining weeds for the post‐herbicide era

Merfield

2022

Weed Research

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In the 50th edition of Weed Research the Editor-in-Chief introduced the concept of 'the post-herbicide era'. This appears increasingly prescient as herbicides continue to face ever-increasing legislative restrictions and evolved resistance. They are also an important enabler of intensive agriculture which is a key contributor to the planetary crises, such as climate change and biodiversity loss. Integrated weed management (IWM) is the clear direction of travel for both weed science and practice, and is increasingly being holistically integrated into overall crop management. However, most definitions of 'weeds' date from the era of intensive agriculture, so may not be suitable for the post-herbicide era and IWM. It is argued that deciding if a plant is a weed is fundamentally a 'value judgement', so weeds are, therefore, ethical and social constructs, and not a scientific concept. The proposed definition is 'A plant, or population of plants, in a specific time and place, causing significant harm, either immediately or in the longer term, based on a holistic analysis of both their positive and negative attributes'. Thus, plants are defined as weeds on a case-by-case basis, that is, at a specific time and place, which counters the belief that a particular plant species are weeds. Significant harm is the value statement at the heart of the definition. As seedbanks and living plants persist from year to year and plants can become invasive, a caveat about the harm being in the future is required. The analysis of harm must also be holistic, for example, consider all ecosystem services that the plants provide. 'Other plants' or 'aliae plantae' are suggested to describe non-crop plants that are not weeds that this definition creates.

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An Integrated Weed Management framework: A pan-European perspective

Cited by 60 publications

References 114 publications

Improving upon the interrow hoed cereal system: the effects of crop density and row spacing on intrarow weeds and crop parameters in spring barley

Improving upon the interrow hoed cereal system: the effects of crop density and row spacing on intrarow weeds and crop parameters in spring barley

Agriculture without paraquat is feasible without loss of productivity. Lessons learned from phasing out a highly hazardous herbicide

Redefining weeds for the post‐herbicide era

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