An Integrated View of Empathy: Psychology, Philosophy, and Neuroscience

Nakao, Hisashi; Itakura, Shoji

doi:10.1007/s12124-008-9066-7

Cited by 28 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…While the distinction concerning compassion is less clear one suggestion is that compassion is a higher order construct, consisting of feelings of sympathy and pity (Goetz et al, 2010). As such terms are more concerned with one’s feelings towards the other’s plight, rather than the sharing of emotions, they are more closely related to sympathy than empathy (Kalawski, 2010; Lishner et al, 2011; Nakao & Itakura, 2009).…”

Section: Distinguishing Empathy From Other Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empathy: A Review of the Concept

et al. 2014

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The inconsistent definition of empathy has had a negative impact on both research and practice. The aim of this article is to review and critically appraise a range of definitions of empathy and, through considered analysis, to develop a new conceptualisation. From the examination of 43 discrete definitions, 8 themes relating to the nature of empathy emerged: “distinguishing empathy from other concepts”; “cognitive or affective?”; “congruent or incongruent?”; “subject to other stimuli?”; “self/other distinction or merging?”; “trait or state influences?”; “has a behavioural outcome?”; and “automatic or controlled?” The relevance and validity of each theme is assessed and a new conceptualisation of empathy is offered. The benefits of employing a more consistent and complete definition of empathy are discussed.

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Section: Distinguishing Empathy From Other Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empathy: A Review of the Concept

et al. 2014

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“…Developmental neuroimaging studies have suggested that the transition from an egoistic form of empathy in young children to a more reciprocal concern for other people in adulthood [18,19] is driven by the development of brain areas which support mentalizing [20,21]. For example, it was previously shown that bilateral TPJ was more active in response to different mental states in adults compared to children [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior and Neural Correlates of Empathy in Adolescents

Overgaauw¹,

Güroğlu²,

Rieffe³

et al. 2014

Dev Neurosci

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This study examined neural correlates of empathy in adolescence while observing harmful acts. A total of 32 participants (aged 12-19 years) viewed pictures depicting negative (offenders inflicting intentional harm) and positive (friends socializing) social situations. After viewing each picture, participants could allocate hypothetical points to either the offender or the victim in a dictator game. Behaviorally, participants of all ages acted prosocially towards victims, fairly towards positive individuals and punishingly towards offenders. Brain imaging analyses showed that viewing negative situations was associated with more activation in the bilateral intraparietal lobule and the superior temporal sulcus (STS), whereas viewing positive situations was associated with more medial prefrontal cortex and left temporal parietal junction activity. Analyses testing for associations between brain activity and self-reported empathy showed that the STS was correlated negatively with reports of understanding others' distress and the willingness to help others. Together, the findings suggest that adolescents show similar prosocial behavior, as previously reported in adults with greater STS activity, when observing negative social acts that is modulated by an individual's empathy for others.

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“…Interpersonal relationships are mediated by the empathetic knowledge structures people hold about themselves or infer about others (Nakao and Itakura, 2009). That is, a person's self-concept impacts how she or he perceives interpersonal knowledge, what people believe or feel regarding someone else, and influences how that person interacts with other people.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Biometric Analyses and Empathy Training Predict the Development of Empathy?

Bozman,

Friesner,

Valente

et al. 2023

JHETP

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Many healthcare education programs recognize the importance of empathy in professional practice and, consequently, include empathy training in their curricula. Unfortunately, the literature has not yet demonstrated that empathy training consistently yields greater levels of empathy. This may partly stem from the fact that empathy is frequently measured using (valid and reliable) self-reported scales. These instruments provide a “snapshot” of a respondent’s empathy but provide minimal information about the development of empathy. Applying biometric analyses within the context of empathy training permits collecting additional data that may provide a more developmental evaluation of empathy training. This study empirically examines whether biometric measures are statistically significant predictors of empathy when employed within the context of health-related empathy training. We find that empathy training does not significantly impact self-reported levels of cognitive or affective empathy as measured. However, biometric information collected from individuals who completed empathy training does significantly predict affective (but not cognitive) empathy.

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An Integrated View of Empathy: Psychology, Philosophy, and Neuroscience

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Empathy: A Review of the Concept

Empathy: A Review of the Concept

Behavior and Neural Correlates of Empathy in Adolescents

Do Biometric Analyses and Empathy Training Predict the Development of Empathy?

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