An Integrated Theory of List Memory

Anderson, John R.; Bothell, Dan; Lebière, Christian; Matessa, Michael

doi:10.1006/jmla.1997.2553

Cited by 340 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The experiment is based on recent work on temporal grouping in verbal memory by Maybery et al (2002) in which a hierarchical organization of items was demonstrated and accounted for using the Adaptive Character of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) model (Anderson & Matessa, 1997;Anderson et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this model, random noise is responsible for order errors, omissions, and intrusions (see Nairne, 1992, for a demonstration of the generality of the perturbation principle). More recent models incorporate this hierarchical view and have recently been found to predict reasonably well accuracy, errors, and response latencies in verbal serial recall under spatial and temporal grouping conditions (Anderson & Matessa, 1997;Anderson et al, 1998). The study by Anderson & Matessa (1997) is particularly interesting as it reports enhanced recall accuracy for verbal items presented visually and grouped on a spatial basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Hierarchical structures are found in various areas of cognitive psychology: Conceptual knowledge (e.g., McClelland, McNaughton, & O'Reilly, 1995), sequential actions (e.g., Cooper & Shallice, 2000), and more importantly in the context of this paper, serial memory (e.g., Anderson & Matessa, 1997;Anderson, Bothell, Lebiere, & Matessa, 1998). The concept of hierarchy applied to short-term order memory first appears in the influential work of Estes (1972) proposing that items are coded in relation to first order ''control elements,'' which themselves can be associated with second order control elements, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organization of visuo-spatial serial memory: interaction of temporal order with spatial and temporal grouping

Parmentier

Andrés

Elford

et al. 2005

Psychological Research

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This study investigates whether memory for sequences of spatial locations can be represented hierarchically, that is, as successive groups containing the order of constituent locations. Two grouping manipulations are used: Temporal grouping, based on the verbal serial memory literature, and spatial grouping, based on recent empirical work on visuo-spatial serial memory. In Experiment 1, we examine the relationship between spatial grouping and temporal order and showed that recall performance increases when both temporal and spatial organization correlate, but decreases when they clash. Experiments 2 and 3 show that the latter result is confounded by differences in path length (length of spatial path defined by the locations) between conditions, and that no effect of the spatial organization is observed when path length is controlled for. In Experiment 4, an alternative method to spatial grouping, temporal grouping, is used to induce hierarchical organization. A recall advantage is found in the temporal grouping condition. The results suggest that hierarchical representations can be imposed on order information for visuo-spatial sequences, either when participants have pre-existing knowledge about the form of the path formed by the sequence or when temporal boundaries delimit chunks; that increased path length is the cause of the performance decrement observed when dots from separate spatial groups are presented successively; and that path length and more generally sequence characteristics should be taken into account in designing future research on visuo-spatial serial memory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organization of visuo-spatial serial memory: interaction of temporal order with spatial and temporal grouping

Parmentier

Andrés

Elford

et al. 2005

Psychological Research

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“…In the two conditions without substitution, only the digit-tofinger mappings are associated with the experimental context and must be retrieved in each trial. Various theories of associative memory postulate that there is greater interference when a larger number of items are associated with the same context (Anderson et al 1998;Schneider and Anderson 2011). This gives rise to the somewhat counterintuitive prediction that inserting the substitution process would prolong the duration of the mapping stage.…”

Section: Testing the Assumption Of Pure Insertion In An Arithmetic Taskmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…According to the ACT-R's theory of declarative memory (Anderson 2007;Anderson et al 1998;Schneider and Anderson 2011), the time to retrieve an item depends on its associative strength with the current experimental context. Associative strength is weaker when more items are associated with the same experimental context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Inserting an Additional Mental Process

2018

Self Cite

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Pure insertion describes a scenario where a mental process is inserted within a sequence of other processes without altering the other processes. Under the assumption of pure insertion, the duration of the inserted process can be identified by calculating the difference in overall response times when the process is present versus absent (i.e., Donder's subtraction method). Additionally, under the assumption of pure insertion, brain regions associated with the inserted process can be identified in fMRI studies by contrasting activation when the process is present versus absent. However, the assumption of pure insertion does not hold in many situations. In this study, we adopted a novel approach for identifying the impact of insertion by decomposing the EEG signal into a sequence of latent stages, each with a distinct topographical distribution and duration. Based on these latent stages, it is possible to identify when, and for how long, a process occurred. We crossed two factors in the experiment: whether the trial required substituting a letter with a number from memory and whether the trial required calculating the product of two numbers. By crossing these factors, we could examine whether inserting substitution and calculation processes affected the durations of other mental processing stages. Behavioral data in the form of response latencies, and averaged EEG signal in the form of eventrelated potentials (ERPs), provided no evidence of violations of pure insertion. However, our analysis of single-trial EEG signal allowed us both to show that inserting substitution or calculation did affect other stages and to understand why.

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ACT

Lebière

2006

Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science

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An Integrated Theory of List Memory

Cited by 340 publications

References 66 publications

Organization of visuo-spatial serial memory: interaction of temporal order with spatial and temporal grouping

Organization of visuo-spatial serial memory: interaction of temporal order with spatial and temporal grouping

The Impact of Inserting an Additional Mental Process

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