This article proposes a generic plant-wide
control framework that
can be used to develop a hierarchical control structure (regulatory
control, supervisory control, and optimization) to operate a single-stage
closed grinding mill circuit in an economically optimal manner. An
economic objective function is defined for the grinding mill circuit
with reference to the economic objective of the larger mineral processing
plant. A mineral processing plant in this study consists of a comminution
and a separation circuit and excludes the extractive metallurgy at
a metal refinery. The operational performance of a comminution circuit
as represented by a single-stage grinding mill circuit, primarily
depends on the performance of the grinding mill. Since grind curves
define the operational performance range of a mill, grind curves are
used to define the set points for the economic controlled variables
for optimal steady-state operation. For a given metal price, processing
cost, and transportation cost, the proposed structure can be used
to define the optimal operating region of a grinding mill circuit
for the best economic return of the mineral processing plant. Once
the optimal operating condition is defined, the supervisory control
aims to maintain the primary controlled variables at the optimal set
points. A regulatory control layer ensures the stability of the plant
in the presence of disturbances.