An integrated silicon thermopile as biosensor for the thermal monitoring of glucose, urea and penicillin

Macroporous Silicon Microcavities for Macromolecule Detection

“…Various label-free biosensors that do not use the traditional fluorescence and radioactivity labeling methods have been developed to provide quick and simple methods for biomolecular detection by converting the molecular-recognition events into easily detectable optical, [1,2] calorimetric, [3] or acoustic [4] signals. Porous silicon (PSi) has been demonstrated to be a sensitive sensing platform because of its large internal surface area.…”

Application of Biosensors in Biotechnology and Ecology

“…The other variant (65) gives the possibilities for sterilization and work on place in regime "in-situ". The thermometric biosensor with thermocouple for simultaneously determination of glucose, urea and penicillin in flow-line regime is made in (66). Original conductometric biosensor with EIS (electrolite-insulator-semiconductor) technology is described in (67).…”

Biosensor Microsystems

“…As an alternative transducer, thermopiles are well suited for performing differential measurements because of their underlying physical principle of measuring temperature differences directly with high common-mode rejection [32]. With a conventional design there are some difficulties related to size, sensitivity, and mechanical stability of thermocouples.…”

“…By use of micromachining and integrated silicon technology, a powerful thermal biosensor can be realized. Using a thermopile integrated on a thin micromachined silicon membrane reduces thermal losses due to the substrate and so excellent performance can be achieved [32].…”

“…To realize glucose, urea and penicillin sensors in a flow injection analysis (FIA) mode, appropriate enzymes can be immobilized [32] although the measuring range is very limited in all reported cases owing to enzyme kinetics, and a more sophisticated setup is required.…”