An integrated sensing and wireless communications platform for sensing sodium in sweat

Matzeu, Giusy; O'Quigley, Conor; McNamara, Eoghan; Zuliani, Claudio; Fay, Cormac; Glennon, Thomas; Diamond, Dermot

doi:10.1039/c5ay02254a

Cited by 67 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…for a similar type of experiment. These authors attributed the sharp increase of potential to the arrival of the sweat started into the cell 30. It is also relevant to mention that the concentration found with the wearable CCF‐sensor falls within the expected values of sodium for an athlete during a medium‐intense exercise 52.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Wearable Potentiometric Sensors Based on Commercial Carbon Fibres for Monitoring Sodium in Sweat

et al. 2016

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[a] 1IntroductionThed evelopment of wearable sensors embedded into garments for monitoring exercise and improve sports performance is an increasinglyg rowing trend [1,2].I ndeed, the seamless integration of sensors intoc lothes presents many attractive features for the end-user, such ast he easy access to real-time personalizedd ata, portability and simplicity of operation [3,4].T he information generated by these sensors may yield significantb enefits,s uch as the improvement of the performance in athletes [ 5] and the minimization of the risks of injuries [6].H ence,t he generation of personalizedp hysiological data can provide valuable insights to enhance the experience and early detect and prevent health issues [7].F or this reason, different approaches to integrate smart microsensors (i.e. heart rate,e lectromyography,a ccelerometers,g yroscopes and magnetometers) into sport garments have been intensively pursued. Today,agrowing range of commercial products and applications are available [8,9].R esearch activities for the development of watches,w ristbands,a dhesive patchesa nd even epidermal tattoos are also being appliedt om onitor ab road range of movements and biometric parameters [10],s uch as cardiac respiratory or skeletal musclea ctivity." Wearability", i.e., the ability to withstand mechanical stress and embed these devices with minimal disruption for the user, is ak ey requirement. Thus,s ignificant efforts in material science [ 11,12] are currently being devoted to the development of stretchable and bendable electronics [13] that can serve as flexible substratesa nd adapt to different routines [14]. Remarkably,despite of all this progress,there is arelative lack of wearable sensors that can produce reliable (bio)-chemical information. Indeed, while wearable sensors for physicalp arameters (temperature,h eart rate,m ovement, etc.)h ave come al ong way,t he development of wearable sensors to producer elevant chemical and biochemical information has moved at asignificantly lower pace.Thed evelopment of aw ristbandg lucometer [15] more than ad ecade ago can be considered as one of the earliest wearablec hemical sensors that reached the market. Although this device presented severalp racticali ssues and had to be recalled from the market, it stressed the advantages of electrochemical sensing in the fieldo f wearable devices.E arly contributionsf rom Diamond et al.w ere also pioneersi nt his field, mostly by focusing on the improvement of the chemo-biosensing throughb ody sensing networks (BSN) [16][17][18].A lthough they were truly visionaries,t hese early works faced two major challenges.F irst, that at the time many of those earlyp latforms were proposed, most of the technology nowadays widely available (flexible substrates,m iniaturized lowpower consumption electronics,e tc.)w as not yet mature. Therefore,t hesep rototypes were not fully portable and adaptable for monitoring properties in real scenarios. Second, the difficulty for building consistentc hemical Abstract:T he use of commercial carb...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…More recently, Diamond et al. reported a miniaturized wearable cell for the monitoring of sodium in sweat 30. All in all, because of the increasing social demand, and the explosive growth of wearable electronics 31, 32, wearable chemical sensors are becoming more required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Potentiometric Sensors Based on Commercial Carbon Fibres for Monitoring Sodium in Sweat

et al. 2016

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“…In this study, a poly‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) solid contact layer was electrodeposited on the exposed carbon layers using 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT, 97 %, 483028 Aldrich) and [emim] tris‐(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate [FAP] (VWR, Dublin, Ireland) as this approach had been previously demonstrated to produce electrodes with excellent characteristics. Two separate 3.0 mm diameter reservoirs were laser cut in 500 μm PMMA. The ISE and reference polymer membranes were prepared in these by drop casting (see below) and attached to the screen‐printed layers using 86 µm pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), from Adhesives Research, Ireland (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘SWEATCH’: A Wearable Platform for Harvesting and Analysing Sweat Sodium Content

et al. 2016

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[a] 1IntroductionInterest in real-timem onitoring of biochemical parameters using wearable/on-body sensors is ar apidly growing area of research [1],d ue in partt ot he convergence of interest of major economic sectors in applications based on new types of information. ICT companies like Apple and Googleare exploring ways to access biochemical information as am eans to move beyond the mature sensor technologies currently employed in exercise and sports APPs that track ausers location,body movements,temperature, energy expenditurea nd so on. These are typically based on physical transducers or imaging technologies embedded within wristbands or smart phones.H owever, employings imilar approaches that depend on time-series data to the domain of biochemical sensing is much more difficult, due to the complexc hallenges associated with access to representative samples (typically ab ody fluid) and the less predictable behavioro fc hemical sensors and biosensors over time.Since the exciting developments of the 1980s,t he application of biochemical sensing to real-timem onitoring of the human condition has scarcely advanced in terms of the performance of the sensors.T oday,t he use-model has almost entirely shifted awayf rom the early over-optimistic promise of implantable sensorst hat are in continuous contact with blood[ 2],t od evices sitedo utside the body that somehow can access ani nformation rich body fluid, like sweat [3] [4] or saliva [5].F or the past several decades,t he predominantu se model for health related diagnostics has been the disposable single-shot sensorc ombined with af inger prick access to blood samples.E xamples of use modelst hat involve real-time monitoring of body fluids (albeit over relatively short periods typically at most up to several days) include the integration of biosensors with contact lenses that can sample and report on the composition of ocular fluid,w hich is in turn reflective of the systemic blood composition [6].P erhapst he bestknown exampleo ft his is the collaborative ventureb etween Google and Novartis [7],b ased on Parviss work Abstract:Aplatform for harvesting and analysingt he sodium content of sweat in real time is presented. One is a watch format in which thes ampling and fluidic system,e lectrodes,c ircuitry and battery are arranged vertically,w hile in the other pod format, the electronics and battery components,a nd the fluidics electrodes are arranged horizontally.T he platformsa re designedt ob e securely attached to the skin using av elcros trap.S weat enters into the device through as ampling orifice and passes over solid-state sodium-selective and reference electrodes and into as torage area containing ah igh capacity adsorbent material. Thel iquid movement is entirely drivenb yc apillary action, and the flow rate through the device can be mediated through variation of the width of af luidic channel linking the electrodes to the sample storage area. Changing the width dimension through7 50, 500 and 250 mmp roduces flow rates of 38.20, 21.48 and 6.61 mL/min...

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“…The growth of fields like Big Data heavily relies on the ability to collect large amounts of data, and it has been argued that the next big leap in communication will happen by integrating chemical sensors with mobile communication devices. 35,51,52 Clearly, to enable such advances in chemistry, it would be important to involve members of public in collection of chemical data. This could be achieved with sensors that are so simple and cheap that citizens can prepare and use them at home using simple household items.…”

Section: -15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single strip solid contact ion selective electrodes on a pencil-drawn electrode substrate

et al. 2017

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A simple and low-cost approach for the preparation of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) is proposed as a favorable alternative to the traditional paper-based electrodes. This involved the application of graphite from a simple household pencil via mechanical abrasion onto a modified acetate sheet. The resulting electrodes exhibited excellent sensing properties towards all tested ions, including a wide dynamic response range, fast response time and satisfactory long-term stability. The same methodology was used to produce stable and functional reference electrodes. These electrodes were then combined with other graphite-based ISEs to yield single strip solid-contact electrodes for simultaneous detection of cations and anions in aqueous solutions. The described approach, which is analogous to simply drawing on paper, opens new avenues for the development of sensing devices using very cheap and easily accessible components.

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An integrated sensing and wireless communications platform for sensing sodium in sweat

Abstract: A wearable device for real-time monitoring of sodium levels in sweat is presented.

Cited by 67 publications

References 38 publications

Wearable Potentiometric Sensors Based on Commercial Carbon Fibres for Monitoring Sodium in Sweat

Wearable Potentiometric Sensors Based on Commercial Carbon Fibres for Monitoring Sodium in Sweat

‘SWEATCH’: A Wearable Platform for Harvesting and Analysing Sweat Sodium Content

Single strip solid contact ion selective electrodes on a pencil-drawn electrode substrate

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