“…We have previously discussed the effect of this in terms of access and availability to toilets and WaSH facilities in Mukherjee et al (2020Mukherjee et al ( , 2022. These factors are important across the world, and in Kolkata, they come together and become hugely important as we see economical, demographical, social, and environmental changes increase water insecurity (Dickin et al, 2021;Mukherjee et al, 2020Mukherjee et al, , 2022Sultana, 2020). Gender matters-for example, females often stay home and face tremendous issues relating to access to WaSH, particularly in socially deprived areas (Dickin et al, 2021;Mukherjee et al, 2022;Roy et al, 1992;Schenk, 2010;Simpson, 2009;Thompson, 2016;Truelove, 2011).…”