“…The ASALS algorithm proposed in this paper encompasses five key parameters: the maximum number of iterations MaxIter, the iteration optimization time for operators τ, the reaction factor α, the cooling rate µ, and the minimum selection probability p min . Each parameter consists of five different levels, such as MaxIter = [10, 30,50,70,90], τ = [0.1, 0.2, .0.3, 0.4, 0.5], α = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5], µ = [0.90, 0.92, 0.94, 0.96, 0.98], p min = [0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05]. For the sake of ensuring robustness and stability, all parameter combinations are independently executed 10 times under a predefined termination condition (i.e., 600 s), and the average objective function value is used as the metric.…”