An integrated method to calculate an automobile's emissions throughout its life cycle

Viñoles-Cebolla, Rosario; Ceca, María José Bastante; Capuz-Rizo, Salvador F.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.02.006

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…where E U is energy consumed in the use phase, FE is fuel economy, e.g., of Honda Accord 2011, 9.046 l/100 km [34], d is the total traveled distance, 100,000 km, HHV gas is the higher heating value of gasoline, 46.4 MJ/kg [35], and δ gas is the density of gasoline, 0.75 kg/l [35]. The energy that is consumed in the disposal process of the ELV is calculated while using Equation (9).…”

Section: Comparison With Results Of Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nemry et al [3] evaluated possible environmental advantages of the transportation sector in Europe, O'Reilly et al [6] proposed a lightweigh optimization method, Sato et al [5,7] evaluated the environmental impact of the ELV phase, Lane [8], and Vinoles-Cebolla et al [9], Messagie et al [10], and Yang et al [11] evaluated the environmental impact of electric vehicles, all using life-cycle assessment (LCA). However, even those studies included the effect of the production phase, basing its analysis on external energy consumption or CO 2 emission constant coefficients; in some cases, even the precedence of the data used for the calculations were clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Energy Consumption Analysis for Vehicle Production through a Material Flow Approach

Sato

Nakata

2020

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the energy consumption in the automotive industry, clarifying the effect of its productive processes. For this propose, the material flow of the vehicles has been elaborated, from mining to vehicle assembly. Initially, processes where each type of material was used, and the relationship between them, were clarified. Subsequently, material flow was elaborated, while considering materials input in each process. Consequently, the consumption of energy resources (i.e., oil, natural gas, coal, and electricity) was calculated. Open data were utilized, and the effects on the Japanese vehicle market were analyzed as a case study. Our results indicate that the energy that is required for vehicle production is 41.8 MJ/kg per vehicle, where mining and material production processes represent 68% of the total consumption. Moreover, 5.23 kg of raw materials and energy resources are required to produce 1 kg of vehicle. Finally, this study proposed values of energy consumption per mass of part produced, which can be used to facilitate future material and energy analysis for the automotive industry. Those values can be adopted and modified as necessary, allowing for possible changes in future premises to be incorporated.

show abstract

Section: Comparison With Results Of Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Consumption Analysis for Vehicle Production through a Material Flow Approach

Sato

Nakata

2020

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In practice, this finding is not distinct in many ways. The time scale difference between two sectors (end‐of‐life of 25 years for aeronautic vs. 10–15 years for automotive; Carberry et al, ; Vinoles‐Cebolla, Bastante‐Ceca, & Capuz‐Rizo, ) and production rates that differ (production worldwide of approximately 1,000 years for aeronautics vs. 90,000,000 years for automotive; CCFA, ; Lefeuvre et al, ) increase the difficulty to organise effective collaborations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability engineering assessment research for recycling composites with high value: Stakeholders' views

Pillain

Lefeuvre

Garnier

et al. 2019

Sustainable Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are increasingly employed in an extensive range of applications, such as aerospace, automotive, or renewable energy. Consequently, the establishment of a composite recycling sector will become necessary in the future. The French national agency for research had funded a project named SEARRCH, which indicates “Sustainability Engineering Assessment Research for Recycling Composites with High value” to initiate stakeholders engagement for the implementation of the CFRP recycling sector in a sustainable way. This publication aimed at giving the results and the advantages of using a participatory research approach for the implementation of a recycling sector that follows the concept of sustainable development. This participatory research approach was conducted based on a panel of 40 stakeholders from different stages of the CFRP life cycle: CFRP producers, end‐of‐life management, institutional/normative, and research groups. A statistical quantitative analysis of 230 different criteria extracted from the interviews has demonstrated that “quality,” “mastering recycling process,” “norms and regulations,” and “maturity of the recycling process” are the most cited criteria by stakeholders. A qualitative analysis shown that, the future sustainable composites recycling sector would be utilised as a multiprocess sector that addresses a multiplicity of markets, requires the involvement of leaders and introduction of incentive tools and needs improvement regarding the maturity of recycling technologies to satisfy economic and environmental goals.

show abstract

“…According to statistics, road transportation emissions account for approximately 93% of total emissions. [1][2][3] Therefore, exploring ways to reduce tailpipe emissions is the primary measure to prevent the greenhouse effect. To reduce the weight of the vehicle body, a multimaterial design that appropriately combines materials with different functions, such as steel, aluminum and resin, into a single member has attracted much attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and reinforcement effect of carbon fiber at the interface in injection welding of polyamide 6 composites

Wu,

Qiu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To meet the lightweight production requirements of automobiles and achieve high strength, reinforced thermoplastic composite materials are gradually replacing metal materials. Injection molding is the preferred manufacturing method to enable the production of complex‐shaped parts, facilitate production, and reduce costs. In this study, carbon fiber (CF) was added to the commonly used resin‐reinforcing material, polyamide (nylon) PA6, to create a CF‐reinforced thermoplastic composite (polyamide 6 [PA6]/CF) that was welded using injection molding. This study not only investigates the impact of different welding conditions on shear strength but also discusses the sequence of welding. Achieving 85% of the shear strength of the PA6 base material under ideal circumstances. The CF distribution and reinforcement mechanism were analyzed by observing the connection interface and cross section using a polarizing microscope and a scanning electron microscope. When PA6/CF was used as the secondary molded body, the welding results were better. The addition of CF had a significant strengthening effect on the strength of the PA6 injection welding.Highlights Carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composite materials were prepared, and welding with PA6 was achieved using the injection molding method. The optimal welding parameters were determined by varying the mold, injection speed, injection temperature, and order of injection. The maximum welding shear strength reached 85% of the base material shear strength. The positive effect of specific fiber distribution on welding strength was analyzed by observing the interface using a scanning electron microscope and a polarizing microscope. This study provides valuable insights into the optimization of welding processes for carbon fiber thermoplastic composite materials, offering possibilities for connecting dissimilar materials with poor compatibility.

show abstract

An integrated method to calculate an automobile's emissions throughout its life cycle

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Energy Consumption Analysis for Vehicle Production through a Material Flow Approach

Energy Consumption Analysis for Vehicle Production through a Material Flow Approach

Sustainability engineering assessment research for recycling composites with high value: Stakeholders' views

Distribution and reinforcement effect of carbon fiber at the interface in injection welding of polyamide 6 composites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About