“…Examples of the use of ANN include knowledge discovery and data mining (e.g., Fischer and Abrahart 2000;Miller and Han 2001), remote-sensing data processing (e.g., Fiset et al 1998), simulation (e.g., Lloyd 1994Li and Yeh 2002), and spatial analysis and problem solving (e.g., Kathmann 1993;Thill and Mozolin 2000). Fuzzy set theory has been applied to various areas of GIScience including spatial analysis (e.g., Davis and Keller 1997;Ferrier and Wadge 1997), modeling spatial relations (Worboys 2001;Guesgen 2002a, b), spatial cognition and knowledge representation (Thill and Sui 1993;Brown, Groves, and Gedeon 2003), and others. More recently, it has been suggested that fuzzy set theory and the principles of neurocomputing can advantageously be brought together for geospatial modeling.…”