An integrated electrochemical microsystem for real-time treatment monitoring of clozapine in microliter volume samples from schizophrenia patients

Shukla, Rajendra P.; Rapier, Crystal E; Glassman, Matthew; Liu, Fang; Kelly, Deanna L.; Ben‐Yoav, Hadar

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106850

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Electrochemical sensors shift the systems equilibrium state by applying potential or charge and detecting electron transfer based on reduction–oxidation (redox) properties of the target analyte, thus detecting a specific redox analyte in the solution. − These sensors have major advantages such as high sensitivity, speed, and cost-effectiveness. − In microfluidic channels, electrochemical sensors can be used and monitored with higher efficiency due to analytes convection, miniaturization, portability, low sample and reagent consumption, and high throughput. − Thus, electrochemistry can be a fast and efficient method to detect changes in the analyte concentrations and properties in a flowing system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Chip Electrochemical Sensing with an Enhanced Detecting Signal Due to Concentration Polarization-Based Analyte Preconcentration

Park,

Kaufman,

Ben-Yoav

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Here, we integrated two key technologies within a microfluidic system, an electrokinetic preconcentration of analytes by ion Concentration Polarization (CP) and local electrochemical sensors to detect the analytes, which can synergistically act to significantly enhance the detection signal. This synergistic combination, offering both decoupled and coupled operation modes for continuous monitoring, was validated by the intensified fluorescent intensities of CP-preconcentrated analytes and the associated enhanced electrochemical response using differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The system performance was evaluated by varying the location of the active electrochemical sensor, target analyte concentrations, and electrolyte concentration using fluorescein molecules as the model analyte and Homovanillic acid (HVA) as the target bioanalyte within both phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and artificial sweat solution. The combination of on-chip electrochemical sensing with CP-based preconcentration renders this generic approach adaptable to various analytes. This advanced system shows remarkable promise for enhancing biosensing detection in practical applications while bridging the gap between fundamental research and practical implementation.

show abstract