An Integrated Badnavirus Is Prevalent in Fig Germplasm

Abstract

Fig mosaic occurs worldwide and is the most common and important viral disease of fig. In the quest to identify the causal agent of the disease, several new viruses have been identified, including a new DNA virus, the subject of this communication. Phylogenetic analysis placed the virus, provisionally named Fig badnavirus-1 (FBV-1), in the genus Badnavirus, family Caulimoviridae. The experimental host range of FBV-1 was evaluated and the virus was mechanically transmitted to several herbaceous hosts. FBV-1 was detected in the National Clonal Germplasm Repository fig collection and additional samples from Arkansas, California, Florida, Michigan, Ohio, Oregon, and South Carolina, suggesting its wide distribution in the United States. Further tests revealed the presence of FBV-1 in seedlings and meristem tissue culture plants. Forty-four isolates were used in a study evaluating the population structure of the virus in the United States. Evidence that FBV-1 is integrated in the fig genome is presented and discussed.

Identification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA in Hop via Rolling Circle Amplification

“…The technique has been used to clone and characterize new DNA viruses affecting plants after a simple DNA extraction [Haible et al, 2006;Laney et al, 2012]. During a virus survey in 2014 in the state of Oregon, leaves of H. lupulus cv.…”

Characterization of the promoter of Grapevine vein clearing virus

“…Furthermore, in the past few years many new badnavirus genomic sequences have been characterized including Sweet potato badnavirus B (Kreuze et al, 2009), Sweet potato badnavirus A (Mbanzibwa et al, 2011), Gooseberry vein banding virus (Xu et al, 2011), Fig badnavirus 1 (Laney et al, 2012), Rubus yellow net virus (Kalischuk et al, 2013) and Piper yellow mottle virus (Hany et al, 2014), as well as GVCV (Zhang et al, 2011). However, little is known about the genome organization of these viruses beyond the positioning of the ORFs.…”

Use of standard and setup of non conventional techniques for the elimination of viruses associated with Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) in fig germplasm (Ficus carica L.)

“…Total virus distribution in the tested plant organs. Furthermore FBV-1 was found to infect all different F. carica organs (syconium , leaf and bud) which confirms its vertical transmission to seedlings and its hypothesized integration in the host genome (Laney et al, 2012). FMV, the causal agent of FMD, was found to have a low infection rate directly related to its eriophyid mite (A. ficus)…”

“…(Flock and Wallace, 1955 be transmitted through seeds, such as the three closterovirids; FLMaV contrarily to the trichovirus; FLV DNA virus identified in fig so far vertically transmitted to seedlings, in which they do not induce symptoms. (Laney et al, 2012;Minafra et al, 2012) vertically transmitted to seedlings, in which they do not induce symptoms. The etiology of FMD has been hindered for decades (Swingle, 1928;Condit and Horne, 1933), until the discovery of FMV that was verified as the cause of the disease (Elbeaino et al, 2009a;2009b).…”

“…The role in symptom induction of other viruses has not been ascertained, such as the putative (Laney et al, 2012;Minafra et al, 2012), both of which are INTRODUCTION vertically transmitted to seedlings, in which they do not induce symptoms. Researchers from different countries noticed the widespread of this disease, especially in recent years (Castellano et al, 2007;Çağlayan et al, 2009;Minafra et al, 2012;El Air et al, 2015).…”