An integrated approach for early forest fire detection and verification using optical smoke, gas and microwave sensors

Abstract

In 2008 the research project "International Forest Fire Fighting" (iWBB) was funded by the Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. A group of companies, research institutes and universities are working together to develop an integrated, but modular system. An integrated approach for early forest fire detection and suppression is based on an adequate combination of different detection systems depending on wildfire risk, the size of the area and human presence affiliated with an adequate logistical infrastructure, training by simulation, and innovative extinguishing technology based on armoured tracked fire fighting vehicles.As large areas have to be monitored, only remote sensing technologies (e.g. video based systems) are able to perform early detection adequately. To reduce false alarms a remote controlled unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with gas sensors and a thermal camera flies to a potential fire to specify the origin of the reported cloud. The UAV can also be used as a scout for fire fighters. After successful fire extinction an unmanned blimp can be used as a fireguard to reduce the risk of reignition of the fire. As monitoring tools, a microwave radiometer, which is capable of detecting hot spots even under insufficient vision (due to smoke clouds and below the ground surface), gas and smoke sensors and a thermal camera are mounted on the blimp. The benefit of a blimp is a higher payload.

ForestFireDetector: Expanding Channel Depth for Fine-Grained Feature Learning in Forest Fire Smoke Detection

“…Conventional forest fire detection methods primarily hinge on the deployment of sensor and infrared detection equipment within forested regions, offering a high degree of accuracy [5,6]. Nonetheless, these detectors exhibit certain limitations, such as delayed equipment responses caused by smoke diffusion and temperature increases.…”