An Integrated Approach for Analysis of Higher Penetration of Variable Renewable Energy: Coupling of the Long-Term Energy Planning Tools and Power Transmission Network Models

Abstract

Many studies and scientific papers have been published that consider the integration of renewable sources in energy systems, using the least-cost optimization models as a long-term generation expansion planning tool. Supplementary to these analyses, this paper focuses on the transmission network capacity for acceptance of variable renewable energy. The hypothesis is that the simplified electric power transmissions system in the long-term planning modelling tools does not reflect properly the capacity for integration of the variable renewable energy. An integrated approach is applied with aim to incorporate the grid expansion needs and costs (using direct current load flow analysis), necessary for increased renewable electricity penetration. The already developed MARKAL-Macedonia model will be used as a case study. After several iterations and feedback loops between the MARKAL-Macedonia and the network model, the expected outcome is to achieve a new cost-effective solution for deployment of variable energy on a larger scale.

The role of the energy storage and the demand response in the robust reserve and network-constrained joint electricity and reserve market

“…This paper presented a method that considered the reserve constraints incorporated in a DC OPF model on a 15-min time resolution. Moreover, the results of this study were obtained under demand uncertainty which is not considered in studies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The proposed method filled in this research gap and the results demonstrated the necessity for more detailed modelling of the energy system.…”

“…This means that many studies that deal with energy systems would produce different results if the reserve constraints were not neglected (e.g. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]). The ESS operated differently when RM was considered as part of its capacity was preserved in order to be able to offer cheaper up reserve.…”

“…The Markal model was coupled with the load flow model in [16] and showed that the integration of a 100 MW wind power plant resulted in a maximum of 21% line overload. Multi-energy microgrid operation was investigated in [17] where authors showed the flexibility benefits when different sectors are jointly integrated.…”

“…A soft-linking approach presented in [22] proved the necessity of more detailed modelling as there was grid code violation for the analysed energy planning scenario, however, the authors also did not include the reserve markets in the study. The studies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] did not consider any kind of reserve constraints and used hourly time resolution (except [9] which compared different time resolution approaches). This paper presented a method that considered the reserve constraints incorporated in a DC OPF model on a 15-min time resolution.…”

A preface to the special issue of optimization and engineering dedicated to SDEWES 2020 conferences

“…This approach is adopted in transitioning the municipality of Aalborg to a 100% renewable smart energy system within Danish and European energy systems. Supplementary to the above analyses, Taseska-Gjorgievska et al ( 2019 ) focus on the transmission network capacity to accept variable renewable energy.…”