Let M be a complex n-dimensional projective manifold in P n+r endowed with the Fubini-Study metric of constant holomorphic sectional curvature 1, σ its second fundamental form, and |σ| 2 the mean value of the squared length of σ on M . We derive a formula for |σ| 2 and classify them when |σ| 2 ≤ 2n. We present several applications to these results. The first application is to confirm a conjecture of Loi and Zedda, which characterizes the linear subspace and the quadric in terms of the L 2 -norm of σ. The second application is to improve a result of Cheng solving an old conjecture of Oguie from pointwise case to mean case. The third application is to give an optimal second gap value on |σ| 2 , which can be viewed as a complex analog to those on minimal submanifolds in the unit spheres.2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 53C24, 53C55, 14N30. Key words and phrases. the second fundamental form, minimal submanifold, projective manifold, complex projective space, complex hyperquadric, rational normal scroll, projective manifold of minimal degree, Segre embedding, degree, ample line bundle, sectional genus.