An instrumental earthquake magnitude scale*

Richter, C. F.

doi:10.1785/bssa0250010001

Cited by 1,011 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For less than 40 events (N r = 37), the depth was initially calculated to be greater than 50 km. The majority of earthquakes (N r = 1.010) that occurred within this period had a depth between 5 and 20 km, which is in good agreement with the results of other works [50,51]. In Figure 5, we can observe the distribution of the magnitude of earthquakes as a function of depth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

A Seismological and Geophysical Database of Kos Island: 10 Years of Digital Records

Moshou¹

2021

Earth

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A ten-year complete seismological database is evaluated in the present work. These data are provided for events with magnitude ML ≥ 1.0, which have occurred in Eastern Greece and, more specifically, in Kos Island. Several selection criteria are applied and, hence, a catalog of the seismological records is compiled. Detailed big data (seismological, tide gauge, geodetic stations, accelerometers, etc.) of this region are used and processed in this work. The database consists of approximately 35,000 three-component broadband seismograms from 1198 digitally recorded events. It covers the last ten years of measurements, including records from the 20 July 2017, ML 6.2, Kos Island, Greece event. The seismological communities can either use this database to conduct new research or improve already existing seismic hazard studies in the region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

A Seismological and Geophysical Database of Kos Island: 10 Years of Digital Records

Moshou¹

2021

Earth

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“…In order to calculate accurate local magnitudes (M L ) for the catalog we first convolved the seismograms for each earthquake with the Wood-Anderson standard response (Anderson & Wood, 1925;Richter, 1935) and measured the peak-to-trough displacement amplitude on the vertical component. We then use these measurements to directly invert for a local-magnitude scale following the method of Keir et al (2006) and Illsley-Kemp et al (2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Unrest at Taupō Volcano in 2019: Causes, Mechanisms and Implications

Illsley‐Kemp

Barker

Wilson

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Taupō volcano, New Zealand, is a large caldera volcano that has been highly active through the Holocene. It most recently erupted ∼1,800 years ago but there have been multiple periods of historic volcanic unrest. We use seismological and geodetic analysis to show that in 2019 Taupō underwent a period of unrest characterized by increased seismic activity through multiple swarms and was accompanied by ground deformation within the caldera. The earthquakes, which include non‐double‐couple events, serve to outline an aseismic zone beneath the most recent eruptive vents. This aseismic zone is coincident with an inflating source, based on forward modeling of ground deformation data. We infer that this aseismic and deforming region delineates the location of the present day magma reservoir that is ≥250 km3 in volume and has a melt fraction of >20%–30%, inhibiting seismic activity. Our analysis shows that the 2019 unrest at Taupō was volcanic in nature and origin, demonstrating that this is an active and potentially hazardous volcano, and that improving our monitoring and understanding of its behavior is important.

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“…Among different types of neural networks, convolutional networks have recently gained popularity for seismological applications because of their ability for automatic feature extraction and scaling to long input vectors, which are usually the case for earthquake signals; however, their sensitivity to unnormalized input data, makes their application for magnitude estimation challenging. The local magnitude scale (Richter, 1935),M L , has the following form:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnitude provides the public with quick information on earthquakes and is used in scientific research as well. Since Charles F. Richter introduced the earthquake magnitude scale, the so called local (M L ) or Richter scale, in 1935 (Richter, 1935), there have been many studies proposing various types of magnitude scales. These magnitude scales measure different properties of the seismic waves (e.g., low-frequency energy vs. high-frequency energy, surface waves vs. body waves) and although they may represent fundamentally different characteristics of the source, they are suitable for different earthquake sizes and different epicentral distance ranges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Machine‐Learning Approach for Earthquake Magnitude Estimation

Mousavi

Beroza

2020

Geophysical Research Letters

205

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In this study, we present a fast and reliable method for end‐to‐end estimation of earthquake magnitude from raw waveforms recorded at single stations. We design a regressor (MagNet) composed of convolutional and recurrent neural networks that is not sensitive to the data normalization, hence waveform amplitude information can be utilized during the training. The network can learn distance‐dependent and site‐dependent functions directly from the training data. Our model can predict local magnitudes with an average error close to zero and standard deviation of ~0.2 based on single‐station waveforms without instrument response correction. We test the network for both local and duration magnitude scales and show a station‐based learning can be an effective approach for improving the performance. The proposed approach has a variety of potential applications from routine earthquake monitoring to early warning systems.

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An instrumental earthquake magnitude scale*

Abstract: Summary

Cited by 1,011 publications

References 3 publications

A Seismological and Geophysical Database of Kos Island: 10 Years of Digital Records

A Seismological and Geophysical Database of Kos Island: 10 Years of Digital Records

Volcanic Unrest at Taupō Volcano in 2019: Causes, Mechanisms and Implications

A Machine‐Learning Approach for Earthquake Magnitude Estimation

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