An Instrument to Measure Cutaneous Blood Flow Using the Doppler Shift of Laser Light

Watkins, Dennis; Holloway, Greg

doi:10.1109/tbme.1978.326374

Cited by 189 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The major steps in this regard started with Watkins and Holloway [25], who, followed by Stern [24], developed a processor for clinical applications. Later on, Bonner and Nossal [17] developed a signal processor with a well-defined theoretical base.…”

Section: Technical Innovations and Introduction Of New Methods Based mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of methodological developments in laser Doppler flowmetry

et al. 2008

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Section: Technical Innovations and Introduction Of New Methods Based mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of methodological developments in laser Doppler flowmetry

et al. 2008

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“…Intradermal 133xenon clearance has also yielded good results (Palmer et al 1972, Young 1982, Young & Hopewell 1983, but this is an invasive method, the results of the injection alone increasing flow dramatically (Holloway 1980). Four noninvasive methods of measurement have been described: (1) atraumatic epicutaneous xenon clearance, a development of the intradermal technique (Englehart & Kristensen 1983); (2) photoplethysmography (Harrison et al 1981, McCaffrey et al 1980; (3) dermatofluorimetry, possibly the most reliable method ofassessment of immediate skin flap viability (Graham et al 1983, Silverman et al 1980, Wiseman et al 1982; (4) laser Doppler velocimetry (Bonner et al 1981, Holloway & Watkins 1977, Stern et al 1977, Watkins & Holloway 1982), a recently developed technique which has now become commercially available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Skin Flap Blood Flow in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Velocimetry

Marks

1985

J R Soc Med

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Summary: Two experiments carried out on rat skin flaps are described, where microvascular flow has been measured noninvasively by a laser Doppler velocimeter. Using this technique it is possible to define the limits of an axial pattern flap in terms of microvascular flow; this was found to increase when the flap is elevated. 'Random-pattern' perfusion is defined by a fall in flow. This recovers sequentially along the flap, and at a constant rate at all sites. A differential in microvascular perfusion is thus maintained along a random-pattern flap for at least the first postoperative week. In a second experiment it is shown that there appears to be a linear relationship between the reduction in skin blood flow in a random-pattern flap and the distance from the base at which the measurements are made.It is suggested that these data support the view that the blood flow in a skin flap recovers primarily from its base rather than via peripheral neovascularization, and that this is due to vascular collaterals opening within the flap rather than to a relaxation of sympathetic tone. IntroductionThe use of pedicled skin flaps in head and neck surgery has recently declined in favour of myocutaneous flaps. The latter seem to offer flaps that are bigger, more robust and reliable and more adaptable. However, our understanding of both in terms of the physiology of their blood flow remains incomplete. In particular, there is little detailed data on what happens to microvascular flow. To date, methods available have tended to assess this indirectly, assuming it is related to the surviving length of a skin flap. More acutely, their perfusion has been assessed by dyes like fluorescein. However, these are not fully accurate visually until 24 hours (Sasaki & Pang 1980) and only give one measurement -where effective microvascular flow stops. Input/output flows in island flaps have been able to demonstrate some aspects of whole flap flow, i.e., pressure-flow functions, but reveal nothing as to how the blood is distributed (Cutting et al. 1981).This report describes how data acquired using laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), a newly available technique, can give some insight into the physiological changes in microvascular flow in skin flaps.

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“…The first portable clinical instrument was developed by Holloway and Watkins although it had some practical limitations due to poor signal to noise ratio [32,95]. Although Laser Doppler technology has many potential applications, it has yet to become integrated into clinical settings [96].…”

Section: Laser Doppler Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Go with the flow ’: A review of methods and advancements in blood flow imaging

Daly

Leahy

2012

Journal of Biophotonics

107

108

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Physics has delivered extraordinary developments in almost every facet of modern life. From the humble thermometer and stethoscope to X‐Ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET and radiotherapy, our health has been transformed by these advances yielding both morphological and functional metrics. Recently high resolution label‐free imaging of the microcirculation at clinically relevant depths has become available in the research domain. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on current imaging techniques, state‐of‐the‐art advancements and applications, and general perspectives on the prospects for these modalities in the clinical realm. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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An Instrument to Measure Cutaneous Blood Flow Using the Doppler Shift of Laser Light

Cited by 189 publications

References 7 publications

Review of methodological developments in laser Doppler flowmetry

Review of methodological developments in laser Doppler flowmetry

Quantitative Analysis of Skin Flap Blood Flow in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Velocimetry

‘Go with the flow ’: A review of methods and advancements in blood flow imaging

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