An Instantaneous Delineation of Convective Rainfall Areas Using Split Window Data of NOAA-7 AVHRR

Inoue, Toshiro

doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.65.3_469

Cited by 62 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…11) color schemes use only channels in the thermal IR. The BTD between the 12.0 and 10.8 µm channels (BTD 12.0−10.8 ) is a measure for the clouds' opaqueness (Inoue, 1987), therefore it is displayed in red as the 0.8 µm reflectance at daytime in the "Day Microphysical" color scheme. The 10.8 µm brightness temperature modulates the blue as is in the "Day Microphysical" color scheme, only that the minimum and maximum values differ.…”

Section: Color Schemes That Do Not Use Solar Reflectancementioning

confidence: 99%

Clouds-Aerosols-Precipitation Satellite Analysis Tool (CAPSAT)

2008

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Abstract.A methodology for representing much of the physical information content of the METEOSAT Second Generation (MSG) geostationary satellite using red-greenblue (RGB) composites of the computed physical values of the picture elements is presented. The physical values are the solar reflectance in the solar channels and brightness temperature in the thermal channels. The main RGB compositions are (1) "Day Natural Colors", presenting vegetation in green, bare surface in brown, sea surface in black, water clouds as white, ice as magenta; (2) "Day Microphysical", presenting cloud microstructure using the solar reflectance component of the 3.9 µm, visible and thermal IR channels; (3) "Night Microphysical", also presenting clouds microstructure using the brightness temperature differences between 10.8 and 3.9 µm; (4) "Day and Night", using only thermal channels for presenting surface and cloud properties, desert dust and volcanic emissions; (5) "Air Mass", presenting mid and upper tropospheric features using thermal water vapor and ozone channels. The scientific basis for these rendering schemes is provided, with examples for the applications. The expanding use of these rendering schemes requires their proper documentation and setting as standards, which is the main objective of this publication.

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Section: Color Schemes That Do Not Use Solar Reflectancementioning

confidence: 99%

Clouds-Aerosols-Precipitation Satellite Analysis Tool (CAPSAT)

2008

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“…These clouds do not necessarily represent convective clouds, since these include at least I2-type clouds. Inoue (1987b) showed B-type clouds (excluding I1 and 12) possess a good correlation with convective rainfall areas. Further, these clouds do not necessarily represent high-level cloud defined in the International Cloud Atlas, since they do not include I3-type cloud.…”

Section: Cloud Top Temperature Of Optically Thick Cloudsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Features of Clouds over the Tropical Pacific during Northern Hemispheric Winter Derived from Split Window Measurements

Inoue¹

1989

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Cloud covers for six cloud types have been studied over the tropical Pacific Ocean from split window data of the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) on board NOAA-9 during the period January 11 to February 9, 1987. Six cloud types, including cirrus clouds and low-level cumulus/stratocumulus clouds which were hard to detect without visible data, are classified by the radiative properties of the 10µm window region. Comparisons between cloud types classified by the split window method and visible data show consistency in optical thickness. Cumulus-type clouds classified by the method indicate higher reflectivity than cirrus-type clouds.The thirty-day mean cloud cover defined in 2.5* latitude/longitude areas over the tropical Pacific for total cloudiness, total optically thin clouds (cirrus-type clouds),. optically thick high-level clouds (cumulonimbus-type cloud) and optically thick low-level clouds (cumulus/stratocumulus-type clouds) have coverage of 54 %, 31 %, 6 % and 9 %, respectively. It is found that cirrus-type clouds are the major cloud over the tropics. Another feature is that cumulonimbus-type clouds occupy only about 46 % within the so-called high-level cloud (colder than -20*) defined by single infrared data.Cloud features over the western Pacific and the eastern Pacific divided along 150*W, show significant differences. The total cloudiness over the western Pacific ocean area was 61 %, and 41 % over the eastern Pacific. Cumulonimbus-type cloud and cirrus-type cloud appear over the western Pacific twice as often as over the eastern Pacific. In contrast, cloud cover of cumulus/stratocumulus-type clouds over the eastern Pacific is twice as much as over the western Pacific.The spatial distribution of high cloud amount area of cumulonimbus-type cloud over the western Pacific shows overall correspondence * a warmer sea surface temperature (SST) (>29*) area, while the distribution of high cloud amount area of cumulus/stratocumulus-type clouds is confined to over the cooler SST (<27*) area. It is reconfirmed that deep convection over the tropics is likely to occur over the warm (>26*) ocean area from the scatter diagram of SST derived from the split window data and cloud cover of cumulonimbus-type cloud, and also from the scatter diagram of SST and mean brightness temperature of cumulonimbus-type cloud.

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“…The value of BTD increases at colder cloudtop temperatures only if the clouds become thinner, so that more radiation is upwelling through the cloud at T 11m than at T 12m (Inoue, 1987). Therefore, in order to correct the cloudtop temperature for vapor, the following algorithm is applied:…”

Section: Difference Of Brightness Temperature Of Cloudy Pixels For Immentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution (375 m) cloud microstructure as seen from the NPP/VIIRS satellite imager

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging RadiometerSuite), onboard the Suomi NPP (National Polar-orbiting Partnership) satellite, has an improved resolution of 750 m with respect to the 1000 m of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer for the channels that allow retrieving cloud microphysical parameters such as cloud drop effective radius (r e ). VIIRS also has an imager with five channels of double resolution of 375 m, which was not designed for retrieving cloud products. A methodology for a high-resolution retrieval of r e and microphysical presentation of the cloud field based on the VIIRS imager was developed and evaluated with respect to MODIS in this study. The tripled microphysical resolution with respect to MODIS allows obtaining new insights for cloud-aerosol interactions, especially at the smallest cloud scales, because the VIIRS imager can resolve the small convective elements that are sub-pixel for MODIS cloud products. Examples are given for new insights into ship tracks in marine stratocumulus, pollution tracks from point and diffused sources in stratocumulus and cumulus clouds over land, deep tropical convection in pristine air mass over ocean and land, tropical clouds that develop in smoke from forest fires and in heavy pollution haze over densely populated regions in southeastern Asia, and for pyrocumulonimbus clouds.It is found that the VIIRS imager provides more robust physical interpretation and refined information for cloud and aerosol microphysics as compared to MODIS, especially in the initial stage of cloud formation. VIIRS is found to identify significantly more fully cloudy pixels when small boundary layer convective elements are present. This, in turn, allows for a better quantification of cloud-aerosol interactions and impacts on precipitation-forming processes.

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An Instantaneous Delineation of Convective Rainfall Areas Using Split Window Data of NOAA-7 AVHRR

Cited by 62 publications

References 18 publications

Clouds-Aerosols-Precipitation Satellite Analysis Tool (CAPSAT)

Clouds-Aerosols-Precipitation Satellite Analysis Tool (CAPSAT)

Features of Clouds over the Tropical Pacific during Northern Hemispheric Winter Derived from Split Window Measurements

High-resolution (375 m) cloud microstructure as seen from the NPP/VIIRS satellite imager

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