An Insight Into Recidivism Among Male Awaiting-Trial Youth Offenders and the Implications for Practice

The Impact of Youth Gang Violence on the Educational Attainment of Male High School Learners in Khayelitsha

“…Therefore, earlier involvement with youth gangs from high-school stage could signal the start of a long violent and criminal career, which is likely to interfere with their schooling and educational attainment. Gxubane (2006) found that the younger the respondents started getting involved in criminal activities, the longer they stayed in criminal careers.…”

A Developmental Approach to Dealing With Young Offenders: An Imperative for Probation Practice and Policy Framework

“…Imprisonment has long-lasting and devastating effects on young offenders and the community in general. In a study that investigated recidivism among young offenders, Gxubane (2006) found that, when young offenders are released back into their communities on completion of their custodial sentences, they are often negatively affected by their institutional experience, and find it very difficult to become reintegrated into society, which leads to recidivism. Depriving a child offender of his or her liberty should be considered as a last resort.…”