An insight into internet sector in Iraq

Abstract

The internet is considered to be the most advanced technology today and a gateway to modern communication and the sharing of information, products, services, and technology. Nowadays, users want to be able to access anywhere and anytime several services and applications, which is increasing data traffic and triggering a mobile data explosion. Iraq has major problems in increasing the growth and use of the internet and changing the standard method of communication. This is a big challenge, however, since there are several variables that characterize this phase of transformation. In this paper, the problems, vision, and solutions are presented in details. This study aims to clarify the factors of internet use in Iraq by the use of an acceptable approach and by suggesting new solutions for all the presented problems. This work also, clarify the expected traffic and the mechanism to transform the traffic between local ISP’s networks (AS) internet exchange points.

Quadratic exponential random early detection: a new enhanced random early detection-oriented congestion control algorithm for routers

“…In today's world, the internet has been described as an advanced technology which drives speedy development of the society as it supports contemporary communication, information sharing and services [1], [2]. Congestion control still continues as an active research area in the current internet due to huge magnitude of traffic triggered by users accessing internet services [3]- [7].…”

“…However, when 𝑎𝑣𝑒 is greater than maxTh, all arriving packets are dropped with a probability equal to 1. Therefore, the initial dropping probability (Pb) strategy of RED (dependent on 𝑎𝑣𝑒) is given as (2).…”

Random early detection-quadratic linear: an enhanced active queue management algorithm

“…Network congestion is considered to mean a situation in which an increase in the volume of network data traffic flows arising from growth in the active number users deploying internet-based services and applications is greater than the inflowing bandwidth capacity of the device [1]- [4]. A buffer can simply be defined as a physical volume which stores a queue or even a set of queues [5].…”

“…Active queue management (AQM) algorithm, usually implemented in routers timely manages the buffer by dropping packets before it gets saturated in order to avoid overflow and packet loss unlike the traditional Drop-Tail algorithm which drop packets only when the buffer gets saturated thereby leading to lock-out phenomenon and global synchronization problems [6]- [9]. According to RFC 7928 [1], the aim of an AQM algorithm is two: i) to achieve a reduced average queue size, and ii) to accomplish a minimized (end-to-end) delay.…”

“…Essentially, at packet arrivals into the router, RED computes the average queue size (represented by ave) which is used as a measure of congestion based on whether the router's buffer is empty or not. If the packet arrives to an empty ISSN: 2302-9285  Random early detection-quadratic linear: an enhanced active queue … (Samuel Oluwatosin Hassan) 2263 queue, the idle time parameter (denoted m) is computed, which is in turn used to calculate the average queue size as (1):…”