An insight into endophytic antimicrobial compounds: an updated analysis

Abstract

Resistance in micro-organisms against antimicrobial compounds is an emerging phenomenon in the modern era as compared to the traditional world which brings new challenges to discover novel antimicrobial compounds from different available sources, such as, medicinal plants, various micro-organisms, like, bacteria, fungi, algae, actinomycetes, and endophytes. Endophytes reside inside the plants without exerting any harmful impact on the host plant along with providing ample of benefits. In addition, they are capable of producing diverse antimicrobial compounds similar to their host, allowing them to serve as useful micro-organism for a range of therapeutic purposes. In recent years, a large number of studies on the antimicrobial properties of endophytic fungi have been carried out globally. These antimicrobials have been used to treat various bacterial, fungal, and viral infections in humans. In this review, the potential of fungal endophytes to produce diverse antimicrobial compounds along with their various benefits to their host have been focused on. In addition, classification systems of endophytic fungi as well as the need for antimicrobial production with genetic involvement and some of the vital novel antimicrobial compounds of endophytic origin can further be utilized in the pharmaceutical industries for various formulations along with the role of nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents have been highlighted.

Tiny Giants Endophytes in Sustainable Agriculture: Trends and Prospects

“…However, useful the applications are, the utilization of endophytes in agricultural production comes with its challenges [11,128]. They include inadequate understanding of the ecological roles of endophytes, insufficient commercial microbial inoculant stocks [129], and regulatory barriers [130]. Therefore, interdisciplinary efforts are imperative in advancing the endophyte research [131].…”

Antimicrobial Action Mechanisms of Natural Compounds Isolated from Endophytic Microorganisms

“…These microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, and archaea [ 17 ], have long since attracted the attention of biologists and pharmacologists because of their diverse bioactivities and potential pharmacological applications [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Many natural compounds obtained from endophytes exhibit robust antimicrobial and anticancer properties [ 21 ]. Unfortunately, only a limited portion of these active substances have been thoroughly investigated regarding their mechanisms of action.…”

An Investigation of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors against Bacillus cereus in The Endophytic Fungus Pithomyces sacchari of the Laurencia sp.

“…Algal metabolites exhibit a range of beneficial effects, such as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer properties [1][2][3][4]. Endophytic fungi, residing within the plant body, coexist without harming the host and can synthesize compounds similar to those produced by the host plant [5]. For instance, the fungal endophyte Taxomyces andreanae, found within the inner bark of the Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew tree), is capable of synthesizing paclitaxel derivatives [6].…”