An Insight into Cholangiocarcinoma and Recent Advances in its Treatment

Sahu, Rakesh; Sharma, Praveen; Kumar, Ajay

doi:10.1007/s12029-021-00728-5

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…While surgery is the most effective treatment for resectable CCA [ 104 ], unfortunately the clinical symptoms of CCA are non-specific and early diagnosis is often difficult. As a result, the majority of CCA patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, at which therapeutic options are limited [ 105 ]. Thus, CCA patients are offered palliative care with an overall 5-year survival rate of <10%.…”

Section: Cxcr4 In Solid Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of 68Ga-Pentixafor in Solid Tumours

et al. 2022

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Chemokine receptor CXCR4 is overexpressed in neoplasms and its expression is related to tumour invasion, metastasis and aggressiveness. 68Ga-Pentixafor is used to non-invasively image the expression of CXCR4 in tumours and has been widely used in haematological malignancies. Recent evidence shows that therapies targeting CXCR4 can increase the chemosensitivity of the tumour as well as inhibit tumour metastasis and aggressiveness. 68Ga-Pentixafor has shown promise as an elegant radiotracer to aid in the selection of patients whose tumours demonstrate CXCR4 overexpression and who therefore may benefit from novel therapies targeting CXCR4. In addition, its therapeutic partners 177Lu- and 90Y-Pentixather have been investigated in the treatment of patients with advanced haematological malignancies, and initial studies have shown a good treatment response in metabolically active lesions. 68Ga-Pentixafor in solid tumours complements 18F-FDG by providing prognostic information and selecting patients who may benefit from therapies targeting CXCR4. This review summarises the available literature on the potential applications of 68Ga-Pentixafor in solid tumours.

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Section: Cxcr4 In Solid Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of 68Ga-Pentixafor in Solid Tumours

et al. 2022

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“…It is the cause of about 30 percent of immediate deaths in adults aged 30 to 69 years due to non-communicable diseases. [1][2] Skin tumor is the most frequent type of malignancy with a total of 106,110 new melanomas diagnosed this year (about 62,260 in men and 43,850 in women), and melanoma is estimated to kill about 7,180 people. It occurs globally in all races, though the risk is significantly higher in Caucasians due to the photoprotective effect of epidermal melanin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Cancer Activity Evaluation of Novel Thiosemicarbazide Analogs

Kumar¹,

Mishra²,

Mazumder³

et al. 2023

Ind. J. Pharm. Edu. Res

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Aim/Background: Across the world disease of cancer is one of the factors of death and to identify the emerging role of thiosemicarbazide analogs for the cancer disease it was decided to design, and synthesize novel thiosemicarbazide derivatives (5a-i) with in-vitro anticancer activity evaluation. Materials and Methods: Substituted benzoic acid, thionyl chloride, hydrazine hydrate, and ammonium thiocyanate were used to create a new series of thiosemicarbazide derivatives (5a-i). The final derivatives were characterized using 13 C and 1 H NMR, FTIR, and mass spectroscopy. The compounds were then analyzed for anticancer action with the in-vitro MTT assay method as well as by measuring the percentage of tumor growth on the B16F10 melanoma cell line, a clone of B16 cells. Results: Compounds 5a, 5b, and 5e outperformed and were comparable to the reference drug, doxorubicin. All three compounds have an electron-withdrawing group substitution and have shown remarkable anticancer effects. When compared to other substituted derivatives, the drug-likeness score evaluated by Swiss ADME online software confirmed the same fact that thiosemicarbazides with electronwithdrawing groups substitution like halogens, and nitro groups at different positions could work as excellent and promising anticancer agents. Conclusion: The study and the result of the study revealed that thiosemicarbazide moiety represents an important core and could be used as a template for further development of analogs having promising anti-cancer effects.

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“…The incidence of CCA can therefore be quite elevated in endemic regions, for example, it can be as high as 100 per 100,000 people in certain regions of Thailand [ 9 ]. In other parts of the world where liver flukes are not endemic, some of the risk factors for CCA have included primary sclerosing cholangitis, hepatolithiasis/choledocholithiasis, Caroli’s disease, congenital hepatic fibrosis, choledochal cysts, viral hepatitis B and C infections, liver cirrhosis, chemical exposures, diabetes, and obesity [ 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Almost all of these risk factors are related to chronic inflammation to the biliary tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timeline of FDA-Approved Targeted Therapy for Cholangiocarcinoma

Cho

Esmail

Raza

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents approximately 3% of gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide and constitutes around 10–15% of all primary liver cancers, being only second to hepatocellular carcinoma. Mortality from CCA has been on the rise in recent decades, and in the United States alone there has been a 36% increase in CCA from 1999 to 2014, with over 7000 CCA mortalities since 2013. Targeted therapies, which have been gaining interest due to their greater specificity toward cancer cells, have only recently started gaining FDA approval for the treatment of CCA. In this manuscript, we will go through the timeline of current FDA-approved targeted therapies as well as those that have gained FDA breakthrough therapy designation.

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An Insight into Cholangiocarcinoma and Recent Advances in its Treatment

Cited by 5 publications

References 99 publications

Current Status of 68Ga-Pentixafor in Solid Tumours

Current Status of 68Ga-Pentixafor in Solid Tumours

Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Cancer Activity Evaluation of Novel Thiosemicarbazide Analogs

Timeline of FDA-Approved Targeted Therapy for Cholangiocarcinoma

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