An insidious risk factor for cardiovascular disease: Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Are lower urinary tract symptoms associated with cardiovascular disease in the Dutch general population? Results from the Krimpen study

“…We categorized LUTS severity, based on IPSS scores, as none/mild (0-7), moderate (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and severe (≥20) [15]. We defined erectile dysfunction using the ICS sex questionnaire, as a report of "no erections" or "erections of reduced rigidity" [21].…”

“…As CVD have a high incidence of morbidity and mortality, it is important to find patients at risk [3]. Previously, it has been suggested that LUTS are associated with CVD and may predict subsequent cardiovascular events [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

“…Methods We performed post hoc analyses using data from the Krimpen study, a large community-based study in the Netherlands. All men aged 50-75 years, without prostate or bladder cancer, a history of radical prostatectomy, or This may be explained by the fact that LUTS and CVD share risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and aging [4][5][6][7][8][9]. These well-known vascular risk factors might also impact LUTS through various pathways from vascular diseases [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

“…All men aged 50-75 years, without prostate or bladder cancer, a history of radical prostatectomy, or This may be explained by the fact that LUTS and CVD share risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and aging [4][5][6][7][8][9]. These well-known vascular risk factors might also impact LUTS through various pathways from vascular diseases [4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, the results of studies, describing the association between LUTS and CVD, are diverse and conflicting [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…These well-known vascular risk factors might also impact LUTS through various pathways from vascular diseases [4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, the results of studies, describing the association between LUTS and CVD, are diverse and conflicting [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. There are several small clinical studies of referred men at urologic clinics [4][5][6], analyzing multiple risk factors, sometimes without adequate standardization or without adjustment for age [5].…”